CRETACEOUS BEDS OF ROGUE RIVER VALLEY. 461 
mainly of a coarse pebbly conglomerate, the material of which is 
of doubtful origin, many of the larger pebbles being quartzose 
and much worn and rounded. These are succeeded by soft, yel- 
low shales, with sandy layers, and these again by pebbly sand- 
stone, until near the eastern extremity of the section where the 
strata consist of more massive sandstone with a somewhat gentler 
dip. These sandstones rest directly upon the old eruptives that 
form this spur of the Cascades. The contact, which is distinct 
in numerous places, shows no signs of alteration in the sandstone 
resulting from their contact with the lavas, nor are the lavas any- 
where found resting upon the Cretaceous rocks. 
Figure 2 shows a section drawn in a northeasterly direction 
through the locality at which fossils were found four miles south 
of Ashland. This locality is at the western extremity of this 
section. Here the Cretaceous beds rest upon the granite of the 
adjoining ridge from which they dip away at an angle of 30°. 
In the bottom of the valley the granite again emerges from 
beneath the sedimentary rocks, and is replaced at Emigrant 
Creek by the pre-Cretaceous lavas upon which the Cretaceous 
strata rest along the sides of the mountain. Farther up the 
mountain toward the east the lavas again make their appearance, 
and continue toward the summit without interruption; but a few 
hundred yards above the limit of the Cretaceous beds they (the 
lavas) are covered for a short distance by a remnant of white 
Miocene shale, apparently of fresh-water origin. These shales 
contain an abundance of fossil plants, some species of which were 
identified by F. H. Knowlton, as follows: 
Myrica langeana (?), Heer. Alnus corralina, Lx. 
Sequoia langsdorfii, Brgt. Quercus lonchitis, Ung. 
Lastreea fischeri, Heer. Quercus n. sp. © 
Planera, sp. Andromeda, sp. 
Still farther toward the south, in the vicinity of Wagner’s 
Soda Springs, the Cretaceous beds have the same general dip of 
30° to the northeast and bear the same relation to the granite 
on the west and to the old eruptions on the east (see sec- 
tion in Fig. 3). Toward the western end of the section the 
