GEACIAL STUDIES IN GREENLAND. 477 
from beneath it. This in turn must soon be replaced by the 
crystalline terrane, which apparently constitutes the nucleus of 
the peninsula; indeed the crystalline terrane was afterwards 
observed to come out to the edge of the peninsula on its east 
side facing Bowdoin Bay. The material in the base of the gla- 
cier must apparently have been picked up from the rocky surface 
beneath the ice-cap. The derivation was apparently basal. Some 
part of it, however, may have been introduced laterally as it 
descended from the plateau into the valley. This seems to be 
indicated by the fact that the sides of the glacier contained 
somewhat more débris then the central portion. 
The material in the ice was somewhat rubbed and scratched 
but not markedly so. Indeed the first impression was that of 
unsubdued angularity, but observation showed that some abra- 
sion had been suffered by a considerable percentage of the 
blocks included. Well rounded and thoroughly striated bowl- 
ders were rare, though present. This, however, was scarcely 
typical. Similar material in other glaciers observed was notably 
bruised and scratched. Very likely the angularity in this 
instance is an effect of the open, free course which this glacier 
enjoyed in its relatively broad, straight valley. 
At the edge of the ice, the embedded débris was being freed 
by melting and was dropping in front. The amount of débris in 
the ice being scant, the accumulation was small. There was an 
almost complete absence of any terminal moraine in front of the 
glacier. This will be seen by consulting the photographic illus- 
trations. If any terminal ridge had been formed, it was either 
concealed beneath the margin of the glacier or by the frontal 
embankment above described. The latter could not- have 
afforded a general concealment because its continuity was not 
complete. At some points the smooth gravel plain of the valley 
below could be traced up to the actual front of the ice. Nor 
was there any notable moraine along the sides of the glacier. 
As in the case of the Igloodahomyne glacier the drainage was 
chiefly accomplished by a stream on each side occupying a 
trench between it and the valley sides. Sometimes the lateral 
