478 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 
stream tunneled under a portion of the ice, leaving a bridge 
arching over it from the body of the glacier to the side of the 
valley. In other cases the stream cut across the edge of the 
glacier dissevering a portion of it. These were cases in which 
the wash from the slope of the adjacent highlands was very 
considerable and encroached upon the glacier, burying the part 
that became dissevered. It was interesting to observe that 
much of this buried ice was exceptionally pure and solid. In 
other portions, however, it contained interstratified débris, and 
at some points there were irregular impregnations of rocky 
material. 
On the east side there was a very significant phenomenon 
displayed in connection with an embossment or buried spur of 
rock (Fig. 28). The lateral stream of the glacier crossed the 
neck of rock ‘connecting this with the valley side, cascading 
over it and cutting a channel init. Next to the glacier the rock 
rose somewhat and was covered at the foot of the ice-wall which 
formed the side of the glacier by a talus derived from the lower 
layersvof the ices Mvreterence is )made, tovEugs. (28) 20,andi go 
much unsatisfactory description may be avoided. It will be 
observed that near the base of the glacier there is a dark belt 
which consists largely of stony débris held in the matrix of ice. 
Below this, not well shown in the figure, there is ice less freely 
charged with rocky matter. Above this it will be seen that 
there are at intervals several dark lines, which are simply rock 
rubbish sandwiched between layers of ice. The notable feature 
is the curve which these assume. At the right, or up-stream 
end, the layers rise by beautiful curves which gradually flatten 
as they pass over the embossment. Beyond the summit they 
descend, gently at first, but more rapidly later. When they have 
reached a point some distance below the embossment, they bend 
backwards to varying extents and with various degrees of 
abruptness. The curvature is least abrupt near the embossment 
and increases generally with distance. The recurved portion 
nearest the embossment is short and its lower end soon becomes 
obscured by the fallen débris. The higher layers return farther 
