312 STUART WELLER 



Appalachian land, and extended from Michigan through eastern 

 Ohio and western Pennsylvania south to the Ohio River. There 

 was direct communication between this and the western Osage 

 province, and during the Kinderhook epoch there was a consid- 

 erable community of faunas, but at no time did the clear water 

 conditions of the Osage sea extend into the Waverly gulf. Con- 

 sequently the clear water Osage species did not generally 

 flourish in the Waverly province, though enough have been 

 recognized to show that the Waverly series is practically the 

 equivalent of the formations of the Kinderhook and Osage 

 epochs combined. 



While the interior of the continent was sinking and the 

 Osage sea was spreading out towards the Rocky Mountain land, 

 the land on the northeastern border remained well above sea 

 level. Under these conditions abundant clastic sediments were 

 continuously furnished to the northeastern Waverly gulf, but 

 the long Cincinnati island extending north and south across its 

 mouth prevented the spreading of the sediments into the clear 

 waters of the Osage sea beyond. 



In the western part of the North American continent, lying 

 between the Rocky Mountain land on the east and the Califor- 

 nian land on the west, was the Great Basin province. In this 

 province there had been no important change in the passage 

 from Devonian to Carboniferous time. While in the interior of 

 the continent there was but a short interval, the Kinderhook 

 epoch, during which an apparent mingling of Devonian and Car- 

 boniferous species is observed, in the Great Basin province 

 Devonian species continued to live, associated with others of 

 Carboniferous types, long after they had disappeared in the 

 Osage province. 



Following the prolonged quiet of the Osage epoch in the 

 interior, there was another long period of readjustment and 

 change, which culminated in the elevation of the greater part of 

 the region previous to the deposition of the widespread mill- 

 stone grit formation which initiated the Coal Measures. This 

 was the Ste. Genevieve epoch. In the far west the barrier 



