DRAINAGE OF SOUTHERN INDIANA 179 
from the land at the east cut directly across the Mansfeld sand- 
stone as it was first raised above the water and thus early 
established themselves in approximately their present courses. 
In the region underlain by the soft sandstones and shales of 
the productive Coal-measures the only systematic arrangement 
noticeable in the streams is that of their general southwest 
directions. 
Attention should be called in this connection to the sudden 
southward deflection of the east and west forks of White River, 
where these streams, after passing through the Mansfield sand- 
stone areas, strike the area of the productive Coal-measures in 
Martin (7, Plate V1) and ‘Greene (G, Plate V1) counties; The 
deflected portions of these streams are in a line with the south 
course of Anderson River between Spencer and Perry counties 
(7, Plate VI), in the extreme southern part of the state. 
The coinciding deflections of these streams are suggestive, 
as they occur in a line approximately parallel with the position 
that must have been occupied by the shore line during a portion, 
at least, of productive Coal Measures times, and the suggestion is 
made that these streams had their courses turned parallel with 
the old shore line at that time, and that the streams have occu- 
pied approximately that position ever since. In this connection 
the south deflection of the Wabash near Covington and its due 
south course from Covington to Terre Haute, parallel to the 
above-mentioned portions of the two forks of White River and 
in a line with the southward deflection of West White River 
northeast of Vincennes (J, Plate VI), is of interest and suggests 
the same causes. 
The region underlain by the Lower Carboniferous limestones 
is pitted with sinkholes and is often almost devoid of surface 
drainage systems, owing to the cavernous nature of those lime- 
stones and the well developed underground drainage in them. 
East White River flows from the central across the western 
area and forms one of the principal streams of the western area. 
North of the north line of Monroe and Brown counties the 
tributaries of West White River flow through glacial débris and 
