ICE WORK IN SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN 195 
GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY. 
Surface topography.—With the exception of the extreme north- 
western corner of Wayne, the two counties especially considered 
here were under the waters of the series of glacial lakes Maumee, 
Whittlesey, and Warren, which were ponded back by the 
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Fic. 1.—Glacial map of southeastern Michigan, showing the general directions of 
the four movements of the Laurentide ice. The upper limit of the glacial lake waters 
and the moraines to the west were located from the field maps of Mr. Frank Leverett. 
late Wisconsin ice as it slowly retreated to the north and east. 
The result of this was that the surface elevations left by the ice- 
sheet were, in the main, leveled by the waves and currents while 
the depressions were silted up and there was produced a remark- 
ably flat topography, the slope of which is discoverable only by 
the surveyor’s level or the small streams which meander over 
this plain. The general surface rises very gently, six to seven 
