264 CHARLES S. PROSSER 
black shale of southern Ohio with the Cleveland shale of northern 
Ohio. It will be remembered that the Bedford shale underlies 
the Berea gritin northern Ohio, and next lower is the Cleveland 
shale, which Dr. Newberry considered as the lowest division of 
the Waverly group. Dr. Newberry wrote that from northern 
Ohio “‘south to the Ohio river, the Cleveland shale is met with 
in various sections of the Waverly, but diminishing in thickness 
in this direction.’’? 
And in reference to Professor Andrews’ report of 1870 is 
the statement that he ‘‘mentions in his report that two fossils, 
Lingula subspatulata and Discina capax, are common to the Huron 
shale and the ‘Waverly black slate’ (Cleveland shale). This is 
probably an error of identification as, so far as yet known, the 
fossils of the two formations are quite distinct.” ” 
The above interpretation of Dr. Newberry’s correlation is 
supported by Dr. Orton’s account of the Waverly group of Pike 
county, in which he states that : 
Immediately above the Waverly quarries comes in a very interesting ; 
formation, to which attention has been repeatedly called in the previous 
reports of the survey. The formation in question has been designated by the 
chief geologist the “Cleveland shale,’ and by Professor Andrews the 
“« Waverly black slate.’ It consists of a black shale more highly charged with 
bituminous matter than the great black slate below it, the proportion some- 
times rising as high as 24 percent. Unlike the slate below it, viz., the Huron, 
it is often highly fossiliferous. Two species of brachiopods are especially 
abundant in it, viz., Déscina capax and Lingula sub-spatulata. The remains 
of fishes are also of frequent occurrence. Its thickness, as measured in the 
Scioto valley, varies from seventeen and a half feet to twenty-seven feet.3 
Dr. Orton also describes this black shale in his account of 
the geology of Ross county, and correctly reported the names of 
the two fossils which are abundant in the shale. His account is 
as follows: 
The greatest thickness yet observed in this formation is found in 
Franklin township, near the mouth of Stony Creek, where it measures not 
less than twenty-seven feet. It is charged at this point with its characteristic 
t Rept. Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. II, Ft. 1, “Geology,” 1874, p. 93. 
2 [bid., p. 96. 3 [bid., p. 624. 
