HE SONBORV SHALE, OF OFLO, 265 
fossils, Lingula melie and Discina Newberryz, and the remains of fishes, often 
in an excellent state of preservation, can hardly be called rare. The teeth 
and the plates are the parts generally shown." 
Professor N. H. Winchell, who wrote the geological descrip- 
tion for several counties in northern Ohio, identified numerous 
outcrops of the Berea grit in northern central Ohio in Crawford, 
Morrow, and Delaware counties,* but probably did not find out- 
crops of the superjacent black shale, as it is not mentioned. 
There was no doubt in his mind regarding the identification of 
the Rerea grit, as may be seen by the statement at the close of 
his account of the sections and the distribution of the formation 
in Delaware county, where he says: 
In general, the Berea grit in Delaware county is a very excellent stone 
for all purposes of building, and is very extensively quarried at Sunbury. It 
appears however, to be of a finer grain than in the northern part of the state, 
and the massive beds that characterize it in Lorain county are entirely 
wanting. 3 
Professor Winchell had studied the Berea grit at typical 
localities in the northern part of the state, and he correctly iden- 
tified itas far south as near the southern line of Delaware county, 
in Harlem township. Had his correlation been accepted by 
later observers, the confusion which existed for several years 
regarding the correlation of the Waverly formations of northern 
and southern Ohio would have been obviated. 
In 1875 Meek, in giving the horizon of Descina ( Orbiculoidea) 
Newberryt Hall, stated that certain specimens came ‘from the 
Berea shale, a member of the Waverly group of the Lower Car- 
boniferous,’’* which is apparently the first usage of this name in 
a stratigraphical sense, although it does not clearly appear that 
Meek intended to recognize the shale as a stratigraphic unit. 
In 1878, Dr. Orton published his Report on the Geology of 
Franklin County, in which it was stated that in the county the 
following divisions of the Waverly series arranged in ascending 
order are shown, viz., Waverly shales, ten to twenty feet ; Wav- 
' [bid., pp. 648, 649. 2 [bid., pp. 240, 259, 280. 3 Jbid., p. 282. 
4 Rept. Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Il, Pt. I, “Paleontology,” 1875, p. 278; also see 
statements in explanation of Plate XIV. 
