270 CHARLES (Si PROSSER 
in northern Ohio, overlain and underlain by blue shales, viz., the Cleveland 
shale, overlain by the Bedford and underlain by the Erie shale. A bed of 
black shale with similar boundaries has been noted in southern Ohio, viz., the 
Waverly black shale of Andrews. This latter stratum was assumed to be 
the true equivalent and extension of the Cleveland shale, and its fossils soon 
came to be credited to the latter. This identification placed the Berea grit 
of the north and the Buena Vista quarries of the Ohio valley on the same 
horizon." 
Dr. Orton stated that Professor N. H. Winchell first traced 
the Berea grit to central Ohio, as has already been shown in this 
paper; but he further said that ‘‘the Waverly quarry stone had 
been followed from the southward” to this part of the state, and 
“to abandon the’ preconceived: semor 1.) , Cost times anc 
trouble.’ This, as far as the writer is aware, is the nearest pub- 
lished reference made by Dr. Orton to his classification of the 
Waverly rocks in the Franklin county report which has already 
been reviewed. Dr. Orton also reported that: 
The Waverly black shale of southern Ohio proves to be the black base of 
the Cuyahoga shale of northern Ohio, instead of the Cleveland shale, to which 
it was at first referred. The Waverly blue shale of southern Ohio is the Bed- 
ford shale of the north, like it also carrying enough peroxide of iron to red- 
den it in many instances.? 
In 1882, in discussing the source of the bituminous matter 
in the Devonian and Subcarboniterous black shales of Ohio, Dr. 
Orton wrote as follows: 
There are three strata of black shale in the Devonian and Subcarbonif- 
erous series of Ohio, viz., the Huron and the Cleveland shales of Newberry 
and the Waverly black shale of Andrews. The latter name I have followed 
Meek in replacing by the designation ‘‘ Berea shale.”’ It constitutes the base 
of the Cuyahoga shale of Newberry..... The Berea shale, which directly 
overlies the Berea grit, ranges from 15 to 50 feet in thickness, and is sep- 
arated from the great black shale [Ohio shale] by an interval of 100 to 150 
feet, the interval being occupied by the Bedford shale and the Berea grit of 
Newberry. In northern Ohio the upper boundary of the Berea shale is not 
well defined. In central and southern Ohio it is sharp and distinct.3 
In 1888, Dr. Orton described the Berea shale in his account 
t Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Scit., Vol. XXX, 1882, p. 170. 2 lbid., p. 171. 
3 Am. Jour. Sct., 3d ser., Vol. XXIV, p. 171. 
