290 CHARLES S. PROSSER 
SECTION OF BUENA VISTA FREESTONE QUARRY. 
Total 
Thickness thickness 
No. feet. feet. 
7. Soil - : > = : - = = - - 5) Shee) BU 
6. Very argillaceous, no grit, olive, bluish and reddish colored 
shale, some of it mottled - - . : - > - 8% 21% 
5. Mottled bluish and reddish argillaceous shale, containing con- 
cretions and concretionary layers. In places mainly reddish in 
color - - = - - - - - - - a 2B 13 
4. Bluish argillaceous, rather compact shale - - - - - 5% II 
3. Top of fine-grained massive Buena Vista sandstone or “City 
ledge.” The weathered top of this layer is frequently of rather 
bluish to greenish tint and covered by a mass of beautiful speci- 
mens of Spzrophyton, the tubes and fronds of which extend down 
for a few inches into the upper part of this layer - - - 3+ 54+ 
2. Greenish argillaceous shale parting - - - - - - 2%in. 2%+ 
1. Lower layer of Buena Vista sandstone; a brownish to bluish- 
gray, fine-grained massive sandstone which emits a decided 
petroleum odor when freshly struck. Also frequently of light 
gray and sometimes reddish-brown tint. Base of the “City 
ledge,” which has a thickness of 5 feet 714 inches in this quarry. 
This compact freestone is a valuable sandstone, and in this 
region it is much ‘more important commercially than the Berea 
sandstone = = = - S . = = =S 2 e2% 
The massive Buena Vista sandstone with the overlying shales 
are shown in Fig. 3. 
The large blocks of Buena Vista sandstone from these quar- 
ries, containing numerous specimens of Sfrvophyton, apparently 
show that these markings are made by worms. Extending 
down into the stone from the fronds, which occur on or near the 
top surface of the stratum, at various angles are tubes, some of 
which are open and others are filled with clayey material. 
These tubes are apparently the holes in the fine sand in which 
marine worms lived. Crawling to the surface, and back again 
and about the opening of the tube, they made the smoothed and 
grooved space which has been termed the frond, as it was sup- 
posed to represent a sea weed buried in the sand. 
It is clearly evident that the Sunbury shale (Waverly black 
slate) extends to the Ohio river, probably with a thickness of 
between 15 and 16 feet as given by Andrews,* above which is 5 
* Geol. Surv. Ohio, Pt. Il, “ Rept. Prog. Sec, Dist.” [in 1869], 1870, p. 65; and 
see his “Section of Waverly rocks from the great Black slate of the Subcarbonifer- 
ous limestone, as seen on the Ohio river,” on ‘‘ Map showing the Lower Coal-measures.”’ 
