THE SUNBURY SHALE OF OHTO 311 
Sunbury shale. Still it is thought that even in this region the 
line of division is as sharply and clearly defined as is often 
the case between two formations. It appears to the writer to be 
a clearly marked and sharply defined lithologic division. Pale- 
ontologically, the lower portion of the shales frequently con- 
tains numerous specimens of a few fossils, principally Linmgula 
mele Hall and Orbiculoidea Newberry (Hall) Herrick, which may 
be considered the characteristic species of the formation, 
although not confined to it, since both species probably continue 
into the Cuyahoga formation. 
Finally, on account of the marked lithologic character of 
the Sunbury shale, its sharp boundaries, its extensive, although 
narrow areal distribution, and its stratigraphic importance in the 
classification of the Waverly series, the writer would regard it 
as a distinct unit in the geological scale of Ohio. 
On the geologic maps, based upon the United States Topographic 
Sheets for southern and central Ohio, it appears to the writer that 
the Sunbury shale is clearly entitled to be represented by a dis- 
tinct symbol or color and given the rank of a formation. In 
the northern counties the shale is not always black and strongly 
bituminous, and the upper limit is probably not as clearly 
marked as in the southern part of the state. 
In western Pennsylvania Dr. I. C. White has described the 
Orangeville shales and Sharpsville sandstone, while Professor 
Lesley used the provisional name of Crawford for the overly- 
ing shales,’ all of which in a general way are synchronous with 
the Sunbury and Cuyahoga shales of northern Ohio. In the 
succeeding report Dr. White used the terms Meadville upper 
shales, Meadville upper limestone, and Meadville lower shales, 
in place of the Crawford shales,? and he writes me: 
The name [Crawford shale] was never used by me nor accepted, because 
it meant nothing. It was provisionally put in by Professor Lesley without my 
consent, and the following year when it was found this interval of rocks could 
be further subdivided in Erie and Crawford counties, it was done, and ihe 
name ‘Crawford shales,” which I had never accepted, dropped.3 
* Second Geol. Surv. Pa., Q3, pp. 59 f., 61-63. 
2 Tbrd., QO4, 1881, pp. 83-85. 3 Letter, March 7, 1902. 
