324 REVIEWS 
its present level at Christiania. Just before the moraines of the third 
set were made, the younger arca clay was deposited. Still later the 
land sank somewhat more, while the ice receded to what is called its 
‘“epiglacial station ;’’ that is, to its fifth halting place. By this time 
the land had sunk to about 240™ below its present level. Subsidence 
then gave place to uplift. 
Both the subsidence and the re-elevation are thought to have 
affected the peripheral parts of the land first, and to have extended 
progressively toward the center. 
The author holds the view that the ice disappeared first from the 
highlands of .Norway, and that the higher parts of central Norway were 
nunataks at the time of the formation of the first moraines, and that 
the ice was so thin as to fill only the valleys in the peripheral parts of 
south Norway at the time of the second series of moraines, while during 
the time of maximum subsidence the ice filling the Mjosen valley is 
thought to have found its upper limit about 480™ above sea level. 
The molluscan faunas of the clay beds of glacial age indicate that 
the climate was progressively ameliorating from —8 C., or —g C., at the 
time of the formation of the outermost moraines, to +2 C. at the time 
of maximum subsidence. ‘lhe name ‘“ Christiania Period” is proposed 
for the time of sinking. 
The shell banks and clay beds deposited during the rise of the land 
indicate by their character and distribution that the rise commenced 
in some places sooner than in others, and that it proceeded at unequal 
rates in different places. 
The volume also includes a study of the postglacial and recent 
faunas. ‘The division between the postglacial and recent is placed at 
the time when the elevation after the subsidence had attained 40 per 
cent. to 66 per cent. of all that has taken place in the Christiania 
region. The distribution and the character of the faunas of post- 
glacial and recent times show that the rate of rise has been inconstant 
and that progressive amelioration of the climate has accompanied the 
elevation. The climate at the present time is, however, cooler by 
about 2° C. than that which obtained while the youngest of the 
so-called postglacial faunas lived. 
An English summary at the end of the volume makes the author’s 
conclusions available to those who do not read the Norwegian language. 
Ra DSS: 
