406 I. H. OGILVIE 
Overlying these sand plains local moraines are found, which 
appear from the character of the drift, to have been deposited by 
glaciers radiating from the center of the Adirondack highlands 
after the melting of the main body of the ice." 
Local moraines are also to be found in the valleys of the 
central part of the region. Such moraines always overlie strati- 
fied deposits and by their position and their character indicate a 
period of local glaciation. The cirques on the side of many of 
the higher mountains afford further evidence of the same 
phenomenon. There is no evidence of extensive local glacia- 
tion, of the nature of anice cap such as Professor Chamberlin 
describes in Greenland; the moraines are too infrequent and the 
region too thoroughly covered by drift brought by the advancing 
ice from the northeast which would have been removed by 
extensive glaciation. The evidence points to the presence of 
local valley glaciers in a few isolated localities. 
The closing stages of the ice invasion were marked by the 
presence of lakes in the larger valleys. Evidence of them is to 
be seen in the frequent flat valley floors of stratified drift, and 
the deltas opposite the mouths of tributary valleys. A remark- 
ably fine example of such a lake is to be seen near Elizabeth- 
town, the town itself standing on a delta terrace.* There are 
many such lake flats, which were probably contemporaneous with 
the Champlain submergence, existing as lakes in the interior at 
the time Lake Champlain was a sea bay. Many of these lakes 
were held up by stagnant ice, and the draining of them took 
place in late Champlain time when the climate was too warm 
for ice to remain. Others were held «up by drift, and the 
extinction of these took place in Recent time partly from 
draining and partly from filling by sediment and choking by 
vegetation. 
Terraces are to be found along some of the larger rivers, 
™H. P. CusHIne, “Report on the Potsdam and Pre-Cambrian Boundary North 
of the Adirondacks,” Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. VY. State Geologist. 
2H. Rigs, “A Pleistocene Lake Bed at Elizabethtown, Essex Co., N. Y.,” Zvans. 
NV. Y. Acad. Sc., 13 (1893), p. 197. 
