424 SLOAR LS WEEE ER: 
were in progress, serves to give a character to the Hamilton 
fauna which is unmistakable. 
The faunal change at the opening of the Upper Devonian 
was far more profound than that which initiated the Hamilton, 
and it has been shown by Williams,’ that the foreign element in 
these faunas, initiated in the Cuboides fauna of the Tully lime- 
stone in New York, had its origin in the Middle Devonian faunas 
of the Eurasian province, and that it found its way into the 
Appalachian province by way of the Mackenzie Valley of North- 
western Canada, southeastwardly through Manitoba and Iowa. 
The life changes introduced with the Corniferous fauna were 
perhaps even more profound than the changes which took place 
with the introduction of the Eurasian faunas at the opening of 
Upper Devonian time. The Corniferous fauna is a large and 
varied one, and is one of the most widespread of the Devonian 
faunas of the Appalachian province. Strata containing the 
fauna are present in New York, where the formation is known 
as the Onondaga limestone. In Ohio the fauna occurs in the 
Columbus limestone, and in southern Indiana and Kentucky in 
the Jeffersonville limestone. The fauna occurs also in southern 
Illinois near Grand Tower, and reaches as far to the north as 
northern Michigan. It occurs also in Ontario, to the north of 
Lake Erie. The fauna has its best development in the central 
portion of the province, especially in central Ohio and in the 
neighborhood of the falls of the Ohio River. 
The most comprehensive list of invertebrate species occur- 
ring in the fauna in the central portion of the province is that 
which has been published by Whitfield? for the region about 
Columbus, O. It does not, perhaps, contain the names of all 
members of the fauna as it occurs throughout the entire prov- 
ince, but it is a representative list, and will serve the purpose 
of making comparison between this fauna and the preceding 
Oriskany fauna. For a revised list of the vertebrate genera 
of the fauna 1 am uindebted=to Dr, 16) Rk Eastmant or the 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Cambridge. The list of 
* Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 1, p. 481. 2 Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. VII, pp. 434-40. 
