Renews— H. M. Cadell— Geology of Sutherland. 231 



reference to their probable causes, in the light of what is known 

 (and brought forward as facts iu the foregoing chapters of the hook) 

 of the conditions under which ice covers and acts on mountains, 

 plains, and valleys in other parts of the world. 



Based on the inferences drawn from facts, two kinds of explanation 

 have been offered ; one referring to Land-ice on the large scale, the 

 other to Submergence and Floating ice. The value of and objections 

 to each hypothesis are carefully and conscientiously stated. The 

 objections to the extreme Land-ice hypothesis are apparently the less 

 easy of removal. 



Ice-work in Europe and other parts of the world ; the possible 

 causes of a Glacial Epoch (its low temperature has not yet been 

 satisfactorily accounted for) ; the number of Glacial Epochs that 

 may have occurred (the author thinks it probable that only once 

 before the Pleistocene, that is in Carbo -Permian times, such a 

 prevalence of Glacial conditions occurred) — also receive due 

 attention. 



The last chapter (pp. 270-284) reviews the main facts concerning 

 ice and glacial deposits, and the general principles of interpretation ; 

 and would be well worth reproducing here, but much of it is repre- 

 sented in what goes before. Dr. Bonney wisely concludes that more 

 information is still required, and especially of the effects, habits, and 

 physical properties of large masses of Polar ice ; but he believes 

 " that enough has been already ascertained to enable the student to 

 distinguish how far an hypothesis is an induction from facts, and how 

 far it is an offspring of the imagination." 



II. — The Geology and Scenery of Sutherland. By H. M. 

 Cadell, of Grange, B.Sc, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., etc. Second 

 Edition. 8vo, pp. 108, with 8 full-page and 13 smaller 

 illustrations, and 2 maps. (Edinburgh : D. Douglas, 1896.) 



fl^HE first edition of this book came out in 1886; since that time 

 J_ new and interesting discoveries have been made by geologists 

 in the North-west Highlands, allowing this new edition to be 

 prepared on a wider basis and with more detail. How greatly the 

 knowledge of the geological structure of a country can benefit the 

 traveller, tourist, and others wandering over hill and dale, for 

 pleasure or duty, has been talked of and written about ever since 

 geology was first really studied. Even now the eyes of many, 

 though educated to recognize the lights and shades, the tints and 

 colours of earth and sky, are blind to the striking evidence lohij the 

 earth presents such various features of heights and flats, of steep 

 cliffs, jagged ridges, and soft slopes, which reflect the phenomena 

 sought for by the artist, but apathetically seen by the multitude. 



Scotland is not only a " meet nurse for the poetic child," but has 

 been, and yet will be, the real parent of many geological men and 

 women, who can find pleasure in an intelligent view of her scenery, 

 and enable others to benefit by similar knowledge, both in its 

 aesthetic and more practical advantages. A list of selected books 



