Horace B. Woodward— The North Cliff, South wold. 355 



with quartz, etc. At the south end of this 

 exposure there is an included small mass 

 of shelly Crag. The shells are interspersed 

 amid flint pebbles, and their preservation 

 may perhaps be due to a thin overlying 

 seam of clay. 



Adjoining the Crag series on the south, 

 the Boulder-clay is again seen, and here it 

 has cut deeply into the Crag sands and 

 gravels. The thin seam of clay (before- 

 mentioned), which has protected the shelly 

 Crag, has apparently been pressed down, so 

 as to truncate the edges of the Crag layers ; 

 and it thus follows the course of the over- 

 lying Boulder-clay. This Boulder-clay ex- 

 tends for about thirty yards to the south, 

 where it is overlain by a thick bed of loam 

 and laminated peaty earth — a fresh-water 

 deposit that extends forty yards along the 

 base of the cliffs, and much more towards 

 their upper part, as the strata are bent into 

 a gentle syncline, supported further south 

 (as on the north) by Boulder-clay. 



The Boulder-clay to the south of this 

 fresh-water deposit extends for fifteen yards, 

 and is then overlain by recent accumulations 

 for a space of forty yards, and then again the 

 Boulder-clay is shown. 



It was in these last-mentioned recent 

 deposits that a human skeleton was dis- 

 covered in 1895, and the strata were at first 

 supposed to belong to the Boulder-clay. The 

 material is in part an irregular, brown, stony 

 loam, with scattered pebbles and subangular 

 pieces of flint, etc., and with also a number 

 of chalk stones ; in part it becomes bedded, 

 much more sandy, and contains many more 

 pebbles. The entire deposit, shown to a 

 depth of six or eight feet, is a recent one, 

 being a beach accumulation made up largely 

 of reconstructed Boulder-clay, the materials 

 being commingled with sand and shingle 

 from the beach, or from the old and half- 

 eroded gravel-pit against which the deposit 

 occurs. It is clearly to be distinguished from 

 the bluish-grey Boulder-clay ; and that it is 

 not weathered Boulder-clay, is shown by the 

 roughly-bedded and in part false-bedded 

 character of the newer accumulation, and by 

 its containing a much larger proportion of 



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