42 Reviews — Wlriteaves — Fossil Fishes of Manitoba. 



of the teeth in the mandible of the several genera is discussed, and 

 it is concluded that here may be found diagnostic generic characters. 

 We venture, however, to think that the differences in the illustrative 

 diagrams are due merely to their being based upon imperfect 

 evidence ; and, so far as dental arrangement is concerned, there 

 seems to be no essential difference between the several genera under 

 comparison. When the large teeth are undergoing replacement, the 

 new one is always for a time placed by the side of the old one as 

 indicated in the diagram of " Lamnodus " ; while it seems most prob- 

 able (as first suggested by Traquair) that " Bothriolepis favosus " is 

 truly referable to Cricodus, thus disproving the diagram assigned to 

 the mandible of that genus. 



A few ornamented small rhomboidal scales, from Strud and Modave, 

 M. Lohest ascribes to the Glyptolaimus Kinnairdi of Dura Den : and 

 several typical, though imperfect, scales of Phyllolepis are named 

 P. undulatus, sp. nov., and P. Corneti, sp. nov. Other scales, very 

 suggestive of Phyllolepis, are also described, and on account of their 

 pentagonal outline are believed to indicate a distinct new genus, 

 Pentagonolepis, of which the type-species is termed P. Konincki. 

 The characters of the scales lead M. Lohest to regard this genus as 

 one of the Lepidosteoid Ganoids ; but all known facts concerning the 

 evolution of the fishes render such a determination most improbable. 



The fossil fishes thus enumerated obviously indicate an Upper Old 

 Eed Sandstone fauna; and one of the formations yielding them — 

 the " schistes d'Evieux" — is regarded as apparently intermediate in 

 age between the well-known sandstones of Elgin and Dura Den. 

 Lists of species are given ; and there is a long, and somewhat incon- 

 clusive, discussion as to whether the fishes lived in fresh- or salt- 

 water. Other general considerations, both geological and palasonto- 

 logical, are also treated in the final section of the memoir ; and the 

 physical geologist, equally with the ichthyologist, will find several 

 items of interest. A. S. W. 



IV. — Upper Cretaceous Fish-remains from Manitoba. 



"Contributions to Canadian Paleontology," vol. i. pt. ii. (Geol. 

 Surv. Canada, 1889), pp. 191-196.. pi. 26, figs. 5-9. By J. F. 



WlIITEAVES, F.G.S. 



THE known range of three typical genera of Upper Cretaceous 

 fishes is extended by the recent discovery, in the Niobrara Beds 

 of Manitoba, of some fragmentary, though interesting, remains 

 described by Mr. Whiteaves. A small dental crown of Ptycliodus is 

 doubtfully determined as new and named P. parvidus ; but its 

 dwarfed dimensions and comparative narrowness may possibly be 

 explained by its pertaining to the median series of the upper jaw. 

 Two teeth of Lamna described as L. manitobensis, sp. nov., are very 

 closely related to Lamna macrorhiza., and perhaps only a variety of 

 the latter. A small slab of shale exhibits portions of jaws and teeth 

 of Enchodus, identified with the Niobrara form (£7. Shumardi) already 

 discovered in Nebraska ; but, as shown by skulls in the British 



