44 Reports and Proceedings — 



jaw of Hyaenas from the Val d'Arno, figured by Dr. Weitliofer, it 

 was shown that the former specimen was distinct from H. rohnsta 

 (which latter is allied to H. felina of the Siwalik Hills), whilst a 

 nearer resemblance, though with well-marked specific difference, was 

 made out with H. topariensis, which was in turn observed to be 

 closely allied to, if not identical with, If. Perrieri. 



It was observed that H. arvemensis could be with difficulty dis- 

 tinguished from H. brunnea, and that both of these were nearer to 

 IT. striata than to H. crocvta, whilst H. Perrieri appeared to connect 

 them with the latter. 



2. " The Catastrophe of Kantzorik, Armenia." By Mons. F. M. 

 Corpi. Communicated by W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. 



The village is 60 kil. from Erzeroum, and 1600 metres above sea- 

 level. Subterranean noises and the failure of the springs had given 

 warning, and on the 2nd of August, 1889, part of the "Eastern 

 mountain " burst open, when the village, with 136 of its inhabitants, 

 was buried in a muddy mass. 



The author described the district as formed of Triassic, Jurassic, 

 and Cretaceous strata, subsequently broken up and torn by granitic, 

 traclrytic, and basaltic rocks, which overlie or underlie the Secondary 

 rocks, according to the nature of the dislocation. 



The flow was found to have a length from east to west of 7-8 kil., 

 with a width ranging from 100 to 300 metres, and the contents 

 were estimated at 50,000,000 cubic metres. It appeared as a mass 

 of blue-grey marly mud, which, after the escape of the gases, 

 solidified at the top ; the inequalities projected to the extent of 

 10 metres. The site of the village was marked by an elevation 

 of the muddy mass, some of the debris of the houses having been 

 carried forward. The lower part of the flow was still in a state of 

 motion, and carried forward balls of marly matter. 



It was difficult to approach the source of this flow on account of 

 the crevasses in the side of the mountain. An enormous breach 

 served as the orifice for the issue of the mud, which emitted, it was 

 said, a strong odour. The violent projection of this marly liquid 

 and "incandescent" (?) mass had carried away a considerable 

 portion of the flanks of the mountain, whose debris might be 

 recognized on the surface of the flow by the difference of colour. 

 Great falls were still taking place, throwing up a fine powder 

 which rose into the air like bands of smoke. There were also 

 fissures and depressions of the ground at other localities in the 

 neighbourhood. 



3 "On a new Genus of Siliceous Sponges from the Lower 

 Calcareous Grit of Yorkshire." By Dr. G. J. Hinde, F.G.S. 



The author referred, in the first instance, to the discussion as to 

 the nature of certain renuline bodies occurring in the Corallian of 

 Yorkshire and elsewhere. Although regarded of late years as the 

 globate spicules of a siliceous sponge, the apparent absence of acerate 

 and forked spicules in association therewith has always presented a 

 difficulty. Recently the author has recognized in specimens from 



