306 Br. C. J. Forsyth Major— Pliocene Fauna of Olivola. 



An upper jaw of Equus from this same deposit., preserved in 

 the Museum of Pisa, has been described by me as Equus Stenonis, 

 Cocchi. On that occasion I gave my reasons for retaining it as 

 of Pliocene age, relying on the few mammalian remains known 

 at that time. 1 



During the autumn and beginning of winter of 1889, I had an 

 opportunity of undertaking some excavations at Olivola, which 

 brought to light a rich Mammalian fauna of undoubtedly Pliocene 

 age, that is, contemporaneous with the Val d'Arno fauna. I was 

 prevented through illness from terminating the work ; but the results 

 already obtained are deserving of mention, as besides some quite 

 new forms of Antelope, up to this day fifteen species have been 

 discovered, most of which are components of the Yal d'Arno fauna, 

 and are represented partly by much more complete remains than 

 even the rich Florentine Museiim can boast of. 



Carnivora. — The genera Felis, Ma chair odus, Hycsna, Canis, Ursus 

 are represented. The remains of Felis (two crania, two lower jaws 

 and several leg bones) belong to a large form which may be pro- 

 visionally referred to the Felis arvernensis, Cr. et Job. 



MacJiairodus. — Several upper canine teeth of M. cultridens, Cuv., 

 and a nearly complete hinder leg. 



The remains of Hyana belong to the larger Yal d'Arno form, named 

 by Weithofer H. robusta ; right and left maxilla of a young individual, 

 with the milk dentition still in situ ; several lower jaws, and 

 various bones. 



The remains of Canis are very numerous, and partly in a fine 

 state of preservation. Several skulls and nearly all the parts of the 

 skeleton have been secured. The majority of these remains belong 

 to the species described by the present writer under the name of 

 Canis etruscus ; but there is a larger form too, which may prove to 

 belong to Canis Falconeri, Major, incompletely known at present. 



The Ursus etruscus, Cuv., which, as well as all the other forenamed 

 Carnivora, has not hitherto occurred frequently in the Val d'Arno, is 

 well represented at Olivola by an incomplete skull, various upper 

 and numerous lower jaws, besides bones of the skeleton. 



Rhinoceros etruscus, Pale. — A complete cranium, with adhering 

 mandibula, several other crania, less complete, several mandibular, 

 and numerous other remains. 



Equus Stenonis, Cocchi. — Two crania; mandibular; numerous 

 bones. 



Mastodon arvernensis, Cr. et Job., is for the present represented 

 only by the proximal parts of a cubitus and radius. 



Sus Strozzii, Menegh. — A skull and various mandibular. A lower 

 canine tooth of Sus from Olivola, deposited many years ago in the 

 Museum of Pisa by Prof. Coochi, was declared by Eiitimeyer 2 to be 

 indistinguishable from the corresponding canines of the living Sus 

 scrofa. A comparison, however, with the lower canines of living 



1 Forsyth Major, Beitraege zur Geschichte der fossilen Pferde insbesondere Italiens, 

 liter Theil. (Abhb.. Schweiz. palseontol. Gesellsch. vol. vii. 18S0, pp. 124, 125, 

 Taf. iv.). 2 he. cit. p. 86. 



