Dr. C. J. Forsyth Major — Pliocene Fauna of Olivola. 307 



and Pliocene species shows it to agree exactly with the latter, the 

 outer plate of enamel being as large from behind forwards as the 

 inner, as is the case also in the Siwalik species, and in the living 

 Sus celebensis, Mull. & Schleg., and Sus verrucosus, Mull. & Schleg., 

 from Java, whilst in Sus scrofa the outer side is very narrow from 

 behind forwards. The more complete remains of Sus found last 

 year at Olivola have placed beyond doubt their identification with 

 Sus Strozzii from the Val d'Arno. 



Buminantia. — Numerous pieces : skulls, jaws and other parts of the 

 skeleton of at least three forms of Cervus, the largest of which, in the 

 form of the antlers, comes very near to Cervus dicranius, Nesti. 

 The other cervine remains have not yet been satisfactorily identified 

 with known Pliocene species, their preparation not being as yet 

 advanced enough. 



Of Bovine animals the deposit has yielded several crania of 

 a hornless form; one incomplete cranium provided with horns; 

 besides numerous other parts of the skeleton. 



Since Prof. Riitimeyer examined the remains of bovine Ruminants 

 from the Val d'Arno deposited in the Florentine Museum, several 

 valuable pieces have been added to that collection. These, together 

 with the skulls discovered at Olivola, have been lately re-examined 

 by me, and the result is that I in some respects disagree with 

 Rutimeyer's views on the subject. It will be remembered that 

 Riitimeyer placed the hornless crania of the Val d'Arno in the genus 

 Leptobos (Leptob. Strozzii, Riitim.), represented in the Siwaliks by 

 horned and hornless (female ?) crania of the Leptobos Falconeri, 

 Riitim., and in the Pleistocene of the Narbada Valley by a hornless 

 cranium, named Leptobos Fraseri, Riitim. 1 For my part, I cannot 

 discover any differences between the crania of " Leptobos Strozzii " 

 and " Bos etruscus," besides those which are the consequences of the 

 presence or absence of horn-cores. The same opinion was expressed 

 by me many years ago, when I declared the hornless skull in the 

 Floi'entine Museum a mere variety of " Bos etruscus," suggesting 

 that it was probably the female form. 2 



As, moreover, the differences between the horned crania of Leptobos 

 Falconeri, Riitim., on the one hand, and of Bos etruscus, Falc, on the 

 other, which have induced Riitimeyer to place the first in his group 

 of the Portacina, the second in the Bibovina, are not marked enough 

 in my opinion, there being several transitional forms in the various 

 known crania of Leptobos Falconeri, els well as in those of "Bos 

 etruscus," the only way of resolving the question seems to me to 

 include all the known remains of bovine animals of the Italian and 

 French Pliocene in the genus Leptobos. The synonymy of the only 

 species therefore runs as follows : — 



Leptobos elatus (Croizet sp.). 

 1828. Bos elatus, Croizet, Coll. Mus. Paris. 

 1854. Bos elatus and Bos elaphus, Pomel, Catalogue Methodique. 



1 L. Putimeyer, Die Rinder der Tertiaer-Epoche, etc., p. 157, seqq. 

 • Forsyth Major, Nageriiberreste aus Bolinerzeu Siiddeutschlands uiid der ScLweiz. 

 Palseontograpbica, ii. 2 (xxii.), 1874, p. 123. 



