90 ABSTRACTS 



ice surface where first reached was about 1500 feet above sea level, 

 while our fartherest point inland was about 2950 feet in elevation. 



For a distance of about two miles the surface of the ice is very- 

 rough, consisting of a series of billows, very much like a frozen short, 

 choppy sea. Over this it was very difficult to drag the sledge which 

 constantly upset. This area was also full of dust holes from the size 

 of a pencil to three feet in diameter and an average depth of about two 

 feet. These were filled nearly to the surface with water and had a 

 layer of dust in the bottom, an inch'or two in thickness. 



Beyond this we passed through a crevassed area for two or three 

 miles and then came to a broadly rolling, undulating area which 

 stretched away as far as the eye could reach looking like the Ameri- 

 can prairies in winter. The surface here was hard and crisp so that 

 walking was very easy. 



One lake was seen with several small streams flowing into it and 

 one large stream flowing from it toward the land. Small streams 

 were constantly encountered except in the crevassed area all flowing 

 toward the land or toward the lake. One large stream, twenty to 

 thirty feet across, and twenty to twenty-five feet deep, including five 

 feet of water, was found at the farthest point reached flowing directly 

 away from the land toward the interior. 



No detritus was found on the inland ice except the dust in the 

 dust hole area. Outside of this area the water of the streams was clear 

 and their channels showed only clear ice. 



The two important glaciers studied were the Greater Karajak and 

 the Itivdliarsuk glaciers. The first of these has a width of about five 

 miles and a length of from ten to fifteen miles from the edge of the 

 inland ice to the waters of the fiord at its frontal face, but the crevas- 

 sing of its current passes backward several miles into the mass of the 

 inland ice. The elevation of the surface of the glacier as it first leaves 

 the margin of the inland ice is about 1500 feet above sea level while 

 directly at its frontal face it is about 500 feet. This gives a gradient of 

 about 1000 feet in a distance of about ten miles, or 100 feet to the mile. 



The rate of motion was carefully studied by Professor Burton dur- 

 ing a period of nearly thirteen days. The result showed that there 

 was an eddy in the ice at the point where the obse^rvations were made, 

 as the ice near shore. was moving slightly upstream. At a distance of 

 1708 feet it was stationary, while at a distance of 3396 feet the motion 

 amounted during this time to 30.20 feet or 2)/}, feet per day. Up to this 

 distance stakes had been set in the ice. At a distance of 2.4 miles a 



