ii6 



K. KEILHACK 



Scandinavia by calcareous tufa, and certain Littorina beds and 

 in Scotland by beach lines. 



10. Upper Fore stian. — -In northwestern Europe a second for- 

 est bed, overlying 8, represents this stage. The area of land is 

 greater than in the preceding glacial stage, but is still less then 

 in the preceding interglacial epoch. The flora and fauna indicate 

 a temperate climate drier than that of the 9th stage. 



1 1 . Upper Turbarian. — Characterized by a new advance of the 

 sea on the land. The shores are no longer reached by the ice, 

 but it is highly probable that the moraines in the upper parts of 

 the valleys of Scotland and Norway, and belonging to the last 

 glacial period, are of the same age as the lower beach lines. 

 With the close of this glacial epoch recent conditions begin. 



This is the new scheme by which Geikie would correlate the 

 whole of the European glacial deposits. The following is given 

 in tabular form, for the sake of simplicity. 



