THE LAST GREA T BAL TIC GLA CIER 3 3 I 



there is only one bowlder clay- — that of the Saxonian stage or 

 epoch of maximum glaciation^ — and it is crowded with erratics 

 which have come from the north. The lower bowlder clay of 

 Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark cannot, therefore, have been 

 formed at the same time as the Dutch deposit. The latter 

 indicates an ice flow from north to south — the former an ice 

 flow from east to west approximately. The "lower bowlder 

 clay" of the Cimbric peninsula is not the product of the Sax- 

 onian ice-sheet, but of its successor, the Polandian. This infer- 

 ence is greatly strengthened by the fact that the so-called 

 "lower bowlder clay" of Schleswig-Holstein is underlaid by 

 well-marked interglacial beds, which in their turn rest upon a 

 yet older bowlder clay — in all probability belonging to the 

 Saxonian stage. Thus we have actually three bowlder clays 

 in the Cimbric peninsula. The uppermost and youngest of the 

 series is confined to the eastern or Baltic side of the peninsula, 

 and is, I believe, the product of the last great Baltic Glacier — 

 the terminal moraines of which appear to form its outer margin. 

 It may be added that freshwater deposits, containing relics of 

 a characteristic interglacial flora (indicative of genial climatic 

 conditions) have quite recently been detected in the neighbor- 

 hood of Copenhagen, and thus well within the area overflowed 

 by the Baltic Glacier. The deposits referred to are covered by 

 the morainic accumulations of that glacier, and are underlain by 

 diluvial gravels and bowlder clay of an earlier glacial epoch. 

 Dr. Gunnar Andersson remarks of these interglacial beds that 

 they have certainly been accumulated during the time that elapsed 

 between the melting of the great Scandinavian ice-sheet and the 

 invasion of Zealand by the last Baltic Glacier.^ 



Dr. Keilhack's remarks on the evidence cited by me and the 

 inferences I have drawn are somewhat vague, and he ignores 

 the occurrence of the interglacial beds and underlying bowlder- 

 clay, which are proved to occur below the so-called "lower 

 bowlder clay" of Holstein. He states, what is quite true, that 



'Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar. Bd. 22. Afd. iii. No. I 

 1896. 



