Reviews — Prof. Chamberlin — The Origin of the Earth. 279 



to Sanguinolites plicatus have been found, and one specimen closely 

 resembling Protoschtzodus (Bquilateralis and Posidonomya corrugata 

 also occurs, and from the lower and more crinoidal parts Nuculana 

 attenuata and Nucula gibbosa have been obtained. 



The Cephalopoda are represented in the upper or estuarine part of 

 the limestone by Orthoceras attenuatum and by a Nautilus which has 

 not been specifically determined. 



Fish remains, in the shape of scales, spines, and plates, occur in 

 the upper part of the limestone, though in a somewhat fragmentary 

 condition. They are clearly referable to those ganoids which are 

 found in the estuarine facies of the Carboniferous formation. 



Plant remains are fairly common, principally the fronds of ferns, 

 and occurring as' they do in association with the Phyllopods and 

 with Productics longispinus and other Brachiopods they tend to 

 accentuate the resemblance between the Gallowhill Limestone and 

 the Calderwood Cementstone. 



From what has been said it will be seen that the whole assemblage 

 of plants and animals found in the Gallowhill Limestone is strikingly 

 similar to that which occurs in the Calderwood Cementstone. That 

 these strata are of estuarine origin is made clear by the manner in 

 which the remains of land plants and animals are intermingled with 

 those of estuarine and marine types, just as we find in estuarine 

 deposits at the present day. 



I have to acknowledge my indebtedness for much assistance in 

 working out the details of the Gallowhill district to Mr. AVilliam 

 Holmes, of Sandyford. 



Beferences. 

 Armstrong (A.). 1865. " Note on the Discovery of the Teeth of Dithyro- 



caris " :• Trans. Geol. Soc. Glas., vol. ii, p. 74. 

 Blair (M.). -1889. "The Surface Geology of Paisley" : Trans. Geol. Soc. 



Glas., vol. ix, p. 139. 

 Burns & Macnair (B.). 1845. Neio Statistical Account of Scotland — 



Town and Parishes of Paisley, p. 157. 

 Jones (T. Bupert) & Woodward (H.). 1898. A Monograph of British 



Carboniferous Phyllopoda, p. 147. 

 Neilson (J.). 1893. "On the Calderwood Limestone and Cement Stone, 



with their Associated Shales " : Trans. Geol. Soc. Glas., vol. x, p. 71. 

 SCOULER (J.). 1835. " Description of two species of Argas (Dithyrocaris) " : 



Records of General Science, vol. i, p. 137. 

 Woodward (Henry). 1865. " Crustacean Teeth from the Carboniferous and 



Upper Ludlow of Scotland " : Geol. Mag., pp. 401-4, PL XL 



1874. "Dithyrocaris from Kilbride" : Geol. Mag., p. 107. 



Woodward (Henry) & Etheridge (Bobert), jun. 1873. "Dithyrocaris from 



Carboniferous Limestone " : Geol. Mag., p. 482. 



BEVIBWS. 



I. — The Origin of the Earth. By T. C. Chamberlin. 8vo ; 

 pp. xi, 271. University of Chicago Press. 1916. 



THIS book might appropriately have as a sub-title " The Intellectual 

 Autobiography of a Geological Cosmographer and his Keflections 

 on the Genesis and Geographical Evolution of the Earth". The 

 author has collected into a small monograph the results of his 

 studies of the origin of the earth, and the further development of 



