Reports & Proceedings — Edinburgh Geological Society. 525 



along the valleys cut across this range and also terminates abruptly 

 against its eastern slope. But in the gorge of the Columbia River 

 which is cut through the Cascade Range it rises above the river-level, 

 as it is followed eastwards to the centre of the range, where it begins 

 to fall, and is found on the eastern side to be again at or near river- 

 level. It here contains a lava-flow, and is at one place covered by 

 another. It rests unconformably on the denuded edges of some of 

 the earlier anticlines. 



From this it is seen that the Satsop formation is later than some 

 of the folding of the range, but earlier than the final uplift. The 

 Cascade Range has been shown by Russell and others to be an 

 uplifted, dissected peneplain, which has been called the Methow 

 peneplain, and the author correlates this with the surface on which 

 the Satsop formation rests. 



By the fossil content of the clays and lignites which it contains it 

 is shown to be of late Pliocene or possibly Pleistocene age. This 

 determination would show that the final uplift of the Cascade Range 

 took place either in very late Pliocene or Pleistocene times. 



W. H. W. 



EEPOETS .A-JSTID IPIROOEilEIDIIISra-S- 



Edinburgh Geological Society. 



Dr. Flett, President, in the Chair. 



The following paper was read on March 21, 1917 (Abstract received 

 October 12, 1917): "Geology of Kinkell Ness, Fifeshire " (with 

 lantern illustrations). By D. Balsillie, B.Sc, F.G.S. 



The largest, best exposed, and most interesting volcanic vent along 

 the northern shores of Fife is that which has been laid bare at the 

 headland of Kinkell Ness, and a portion of the enclosed material of 

 which has been sculptured into the picturesque shore stack known 

 as the Rock and Spindle. The margins of the vent were first referred 

 to by the author, these being easily traceable, he said, except on the 

 southern and western sides where the fragmental accumulations of 

 the neck pass into the grass-covered cliff line above high- water mark. 

 Thereafter the character and arrangement of the materials filling the 

 old volcano were described in some detail, special attention being 

 called to the occurrence in the agglomerate of numerous blocks of 

 a white coral-bearing limestone that probably belongs to the base of 

 the Carboniferous Limestone Series — this being a higher strati- 

 graphical horizon than any of the rocks now surrounding the vent. 



Though, as emphasized by Sir Archibald Geikie, there is no 

 evidence to show that lava streams were ever emitted at this volcanic 

 centre, the uprise of igneous material in the chimney is impressively 

 demonstrated by the masses, dykes, and veins of igneous rock that 

 ramify through the ash. Some of these intrusions have caught up 

 such a quantity of extraneous fragments that their simulation of true 

 agglomerates is very striking and apt to be exceedingly misleading. 



The peti'ographic characters of the basalts are not easy to ascertain 

 on account of their altered state. Drs. Flett and Campbell are 



