658 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 



encountered a magnificent procession of icebergs emanating 

 from the Umanak Fjord. These were much larger, but more 

 tabular and less picturesque, than those derived from the Jacobs- 

 haven glacier. Thirty or forty of the larger order were in view 

 at the same time, besides many smaller ones. They probably 

 came from the great Karaiak glacier. Their drift was southwest- 

 ward. A more scattered procession moved parallel to this on 

 the north. It appeared to come from the straits between Ubek- 

 yendt Island and the Svarten Huk Peninsula, and was doubtless 

 chiefly derived from the Kangerdluksuak glacier. 



During the night of the 18th the first northern pack ice was 

 encountered at a point south of Upernavik, between latitudes 

 72 and J2° 30'. This ice was much thinner and more com- 

 pletely tabular than that of the East Greenland pack previously 

 described. It lay lower in the water, and was usually confined, 

 even in its most solid portions, to a thickness of from three to 

 five feet. Except where broken up at the edges by the collision 

 of the pans, it presented little relief from the water's surface. 

 The general expression throughout the whole of the northern 

 portion of Baffin's Bay, so far as seen by us, was not unlike that 

 of ordinary river or lake ice when broken up, save in its greater 

 expanse. In this respect it contrasted somewhat markedly with 

 the East Greenland ice, which, by reason of the tilting of the 

 thick masses, due to irregular melting, presented a quite unequal 

 surface. These differences, which spring from original differ- 

 ences in the thickness of the parent ice sheets, doubtless point 

 to different conditions of origin and history. The floe ice of 

 the upper part of Baffin's Bay is chiefly the product of a single 

 season, that of East Greenland may be inferred to be the prod- 

 uct of several seasons' cumulative work, or else to come from a 

 region of much more intense cold, and more prolonged season 

 of low temperature ; the former more likely than the latter. 



On the 19th much ice was met, which to the experienced 

 officers of the ship clearly foretold the unusual amount of ice 

 which we subsequently met to the northward. A most charming 

 view of the "midnight sun" was presented that night, as the 



