—_— 
SECTION C.—GEOLOGY. 
PROBLEMS OF GEOLOGY 
CONTEMPORARY WITH THE BRITISH 
ASSOCIATION. 
ADDRESS BY 
PROF, J. W. GREGORY, LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., 
PRESIDENT OF, THE SECTION. 
I. Stratigraphy in 1831. 
Il. The Fundamental Problems of 1831. 
1. Sea-Level and the Mobility of the Crust. 
2. The Fixity of Species. 
28.Theological Influence on Geology. 
3. The Origin of Ore-Deposits. 
4. Elie de Beaumont’s Classification of Mountains. 
5. Mountain Structure. 
6. ‘ The Dogma of Universal Formations.’ 
III. Geology in Education. 
| IV. The Geological Leaders of the four quarter-centuries. 
TuHIs morning our thoughts inevitably turn back to the first meeting of 
_ this Association a century ago, with feelings of proud and respectful 
_ homage to the geologists who, despite widespread distrust of the new 
institution, gave it their effective support. The largest sub-committee 
at the meeting was that of ‘Geology and Geography,’ and its twelve 
_ members—Buckland, Conybeare, Egerton, J. D. Forbes, Greenough, 
Hutton, Murchison, J. Phillips, Sedgwick, Wm. Smith, H. Witham 
(palzobotanist) and Jas. Yates (one of the secretaries of the Association 
and author on the older rocks of the Midlands)—were all geologists. This 
sub-committee next year, 1832, became the ‘ Committee on Geology and 
Geography’ with Greenough as President; by 1836, Geography had 
become a sub-section with Murchison as its vice-President; in 1838, 
Section C had two sets of officers, Lyell being President for Geology and 
Lord Prudhoe for Geography. In 1839 the name of the section was 
altered to ‘ Geology and Physical Geography.’ Geography was separated 
as Section E in 1851. Our allied subject, Mineralogy, was at first an 
independent section, but was merged in Section B, ‘Chemistry and 
Mineralogy,’ in 1834. 
J. StrRaTIGRAPHY In 1831. 
The geological problems of special interest in 1831 are shown by the 
contributions prepared at the request of the Association, with first amongst 
them W. D. Conybeare’s ‘ Report on the Progress, Actual State and 
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