a 
F.—ECONOMIC SCIENCE AND STATISTICS. 121 
APPENDIX. 
BirgTHS AND THEIR RatTIo TO MARRIAGES IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1851-1930. 
Year Births Ratio Year Births Ratio Year Births Ratio 
1851 616 4-36 1878 892 4-51 1905 929 3°61 
1852 624 4:30 1879 880 4-49 1906 935 3-58 
1853 612 4-14 1880 882 4-56 1907 918 3-51 
1854 634 4:17 1881 884 4-58 1908 941 3°55 
1855 635 4:12 1882 889 4-59 1909 914 3:49 
1856 657 4-25 1883 891 4-55 1910 897 3-39 
1857 663 4-25 1884 907 4-58 1911 881 3:31 
1858 655 4-18 1885 894 4-48 1912 873 3-26 
1859 690 4-39 1886 904 4:53 1913 882 3°25 
1860 684 4-28 1887 886 4-45 1914 879 3:19 
1861 696 4-30 1888 880 4-4] 1915 815 2°89 
1862 713 4:43 1889 886 4-41 1916 786 2-67 
1863 727 4-45 1890 870 4-27 1917 668 2-27 
1864 740 4-46 1891 914 4:39 1918 663 2-29 
1865 748 4-42 1892 898 4-22 1919 692 2-38 
1866 754 4:35 1893 915 4-23 1920 958 3:12 
1867 768 4:35 1894 890 4:07 1921 849 2-64 
1868 787 4-42 1895 922 4-19 1922 780 2-41 
1869 773 4-34 1896 915 4-11 1923 758 2:37 
1870 793 4-44 1897 922 4:05 1924 730, 2°31 
1871 797 4:45 1898 923 3°97 1925 711 2-28 
1872 826 4-54 1899 929 3°89 1926 695 2-26 
1873 830 4-53 1900 927 3-79 1927 654 2.17 
1874 855 4:48 1901 930 3°74 1928 660 2.19 
1875 851 4:39 1902 941 3°74 1929 644 2-13 
1876 888 4-53 1903 948 3°72 1930 649 2-14 
1877 888 4-52 1904 945 3°69 
The above table gives the births in thousands for each year and the ratio between 
this number and a figure for marriages made up of the sum of 2-5 per cent. of the 
marriages of that year, 20 per cent. of those of the preceding year, and 17-5, 15, 12:5, 
10, 7:5, 5, 3-75, 2:5, 1-75, 1-25 and 0-75 for the vears before that. In the table for 
1851 to 1900, printedin the 1901 Report of the Association,and the Fortnightly Review 
for March 1902, the ratio is calculated for the legitimate births only, but the inclusion 
of the illegitimate makes very little difference and is defensible. Mr. L. R. Connor, 
in the course of a much more elaborate study than mine, gives figures for 1892 to 1923 
(Statistical Journal, May 1926, pp. 562-3), which agree very closely with the above, 
though his weighting of marriages is rather different and includes thirty years before 
the date instead of the twelve at which disinclination for further labour caused me 
to stop. 
From 1914 onwards the ratio as well as the number of births is disturbed by 
(a) the absence of men from their homes owing to the War till 1919, and (6) by the 
abnormal mortality of husbands owing to the War. ‘The effect of the second influence 
_ in reducing the proportion of births to marriages must, of course, have been steadily 
diminishing, which makes the decrease in the proportion shown since 1923 the more 
. significant. 
