168 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. 
into three subjects, distinguished either by differences of method or of 
subject-matter; Human Biology, which is, or should be, allied with the 
biological sciences ; Prehistoric Archeology and Ethnology, which belong 
with historical studies ; and Comparative Sociology, the relations of which 
are with psychology on the one side and on the other with history and 
with the social sciences, economics, jurisprudence, &c. 
I have said nothing yet on the study of languages. We have witnessed 
in recent decades the development of a general science of Linguistics which 
has been winning for itself an independent place. It is, I think, highly 
desirable that a close connection should be maintained between Linguistics 
and Comparative Sociology. I have no time on this occasion to discuss 
in detail the relations of the two subjects. 
In concluding this address I wish to return to a matter that was briefly 
mentioned at the beginning, namely, the very important recent develop- 
ment of what we may call Applied Anthropology or Administrative 
Anthropology. During more than a decade my own work has been very 
largely concerned with this study in Africa and in Oceania. If I seem to 
you to speak dogmatically in what I have to say, I would ask you to 
remember that in the time at my disposal I can only put before you certain 
of my conclusions without explaining the considerations on which they 
are based. 
For a very long time the anthropologists have been declaring the 
necessity of utilising their science in the practical work of governing and 
educating dependent peoples. So far as the British Empire is concerned 
this has at last led to certain practical steps being taken. There have 
been appointments of Government anthropologists in two of the African 
colonies, and in Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. 
Cadets and officers of the services of the African colonies are now given 
brief courses of instruction in anthropology at Oxford and Cambridge. 
In South Africa the School of African Life and Languages of the University 
of Cape Town started some years ago a vacation course on anthropology 
and native administration and education for government officers and 
missionaries, and J believe that these courses have been continued. In 
Sydney a more extensive experiment has been carried on since 1927. 
Cadets who are selected for the administration of the Mandated Territory 
are sent to the territory for one or two years to make acquaintance with 
the kind of life and work they will have, to test their suitability for it and 
to enable them to judge if they do finally wish to take up the career. They 
then attend the University of Sydney for one academic year of nine 
months and devote their whole time there to a special course of training. 
This includes two short courses in Topographical Surveying and in Tropical 
Hygiene, but the greater part of their time is devoted to the study of 
Comparative Sociology and Colonial Administration. The result of this 
arrangement will be that in a certain number of years all the administrative 
officers of the territory will have a sound knowledge of the principles and 
methods of Comparative Sociology, and by its means will have acquired 
a considerable knowledge of New Guinea institutions and customs and 
their meaning, and will have made a systematic study of administrative 
problems and methods. The cadet system has not been accepted by the 
