188 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. 
rence or absence of presentations in many varied circumstances. E.g. (a) 
the fully developed human self not only knows, but knows that it knows, 
and so on. (6) A really efficient actor must not so wholly lose ‘ himself’ in 
the part that he is playing as no longer to know that he is acting ; he must 
have at least some measure of objectivation of and self-control over the 
self that he is portraying. (c¢) So, too, for its full esthetic enjoyment of 
a play, an audience must not wholly lose its ‘self’ in the scenes it is 
witnessing : an audience must enter some distance into the play, but for 
the highest appreciation of beauty a certain ‘ psychical distance,’ as 
Bullough* has called it, neither too close nor too remote, must be pre- 
served. (d) In certain cases of multiple personality (cf. Morton Prince’s 
Sally®) the self may look down upon the acts of one or more other selves 
who behave as actors in command of the situation. (e) In the abnormal 
condition known as ‘depersonalisation’ the self’s experiences may 
temporarily seem strange and the very acts of the self may seem strange, 
so that it appears as if some other personality than the self were acting 
and experiencing, the highest self once again looking on, so that what 
in normal conditions would be regarded as the self’s own experiences 
become projected as the experiences of another lower self. (f) Similar 
changes occur in certain phenomena of hypnotism and ecstasy. 
THE REDINTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE PERSONALITIES. 
It is a matter of common experience that in our normal selves our 
personality is ever changing according to our environment. We are one 
person in the conduct of our business or profession, another during our 
play, yet another in the bosom of our family; and we act and feel 
accordingly. But whereas, normally, our single self is behind all the 
acts and other experiences of these different personalities, there also occur 
those well-known abnormal conditions of ‘ multiple personality ’ in which 
these personalities exist as alternating selves, often in the apparently 
complete absence of such single higher activity. It is interesting, 
however, to observe how redintegration may occur in those cases of 
alternating personality where a highest self seems to be continuously 
present, however far banished to the background. This is well illustrated 
in the case of the Rev. Thomas Hanna, who thus describes the final phases 
of his recovery. 
‘The first mental struggle was during the very next primary state, 
which, by the doctors’ earnest request and my own extraordinary effort, 
was already prolonged to three or four hours. . . . Suddenly there was a 
glimpse of the secondary life, only a glimpse, it is true, yet a revelation 
of infinite wonder as being the first real insight into one state from the 
other. Instantly the thought came “ What is the use of enduring this 
severe struggle when invited into that attractive life, the secondary 
state?” ... But saying mentally again, ‘‘ What is the use ?” there was 
a letting go, and the primary life was again lost. . . . 
‘ Cf. * ““ Psychical Distance ” as a factor in art and an esthetic principle,’ Brit. J. 
of Psychol., 1912, Vol. V, pp. 87-118. 
° The Dissociation of a Personality. By Morton Prince. London: Longmans, 
1906. 
