272 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE, ETC. 
It will be noted that these are sulphide ores, and that the most ancient coppers 
and bronzes examined by us have not contained sulphur, having been obtained 
from the smelting of Malachite or other oxidised ore. It is probable that oxidised 
outcrops occurred above the deposits of sulphide ore, but have now been worked out. 
It is desirable that specimens of ore from other regions within reach of the Sumerians 
should be examined, and some clues are now being followed up. 
In view of the fact that many early specimens have now been found to contain Tin 
in such a small proportion as to allow of clean casting, but without justifying the 
application of the word ‘ bronze,’ the question of the accidental occurrence of small 
quantities of Tin minerals in association with the Copper minerals calls for further 
examination. 
The Committee asks for reappointment with a grant of £100. 
Excavation of Early Sites in Macedonia.--Report of Committee 
(Prof. J. L. Myres, Chairman; Mr. 8. Casson, Secretary; Dr. 
W. L. H. Duckworts, Mr. M. THompson). 
For this year’s excavations in Macedonia, a site in Western Macedonia was chosen, 
at the village of Armenochori, near Florina, some twenty kilometres south of the 
Greek-Jugo-Slav frontier. The narrow valley, 2,000 ft. above sea-level, is here 
watered by numerous tributaries running northward to the Tserna River, on one of 
which the site lies. 
The excavations revealed a deposit of an average depth of two metres, containing 
two occupation levels. Both belong to the Early Macedonian Bronze Age culture, 
which is known, from previous excavations by the British School of Archeology in 
Athens in other parts of Macedonia, to have flourished about 2500-2000 B.C., and to 
have been the counterpart of the Early Helladic culture further South, both being 
probably of Anatolian origin and developing on roughly parallel lines. 
At Armenochdéri, the two levels représent the two phases of this culture, the 
earlier being imposed upon an indigenous Neolithic culture (numerous elements of 
which were found associated with it) ; the later being a development of the earlier. 
In the upper level were found vases, with two high-swung ribbon-shaped handles, 
a form which was to have great vogue in the succeeding Period in the South, and 
throughout the subsequent history of Greek pottery. Its discovery in such quantity 
in this early context at Armenochori is thus of unusual interest. Besides these vases, 
a large quantity of coarse cooking-vessels were found, some bored stone celts, small 
stone saws, and other stone objects, all proper to this culture, as well as a remarkable 
clay figurine. Except for the neolithic sherds, and one incised sherd, no obvious con- 
taets with more northern cultures were observed. 
After the conclusion of the excavation, a short excursion was made into Jugo- 
Slavia to the region between Bitolj and Prilep, where similar mounds had heen 
reported. About twenty kilometres north of Bitolj, a settlement belonging to the 
same culture was identified. 
The excavators were Mr. W. A. Heurtley, Assistant-Director of the British School 
of Archeology in Athens, Mr. C. A. Ralegh Radford, Mr. G. A. D. Tait, Mr. R. Jenkins 
and Miss 8S. Benton. 
The Committee asks to be re-appointed with a further grant. 
Prehistoric Sites in Egypt.—Report of Committee (Prof. J. L. Myrzs, 
Chairman; Mr. H. J. E. Praxn, Secretary; Mr. H. Batrour) 
appointed to co-operate with Miss Caton-Thompson in her researches in 
prehistoric sites in the Western Desert of Egypt. 
THE subject of enquiry is the prehistory of the Oases of the Libyan Desert, which is 
practically unknown. The work undertaken in 1931 is in continuation of Miss Caton- 
Thompson’s earlier researches in the Nile Valley and the Faiyum; it aims at un- 
ravelling the complicated story of the origins of Egyptian civilisation ; and by com- 
bining geological and archeological investigation over a wide area will eventually 
form a basis for the correlation of changes of climate in Europe and Central Africa. 
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