276 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE, ETC. 
Tabgah Caves, Galilee.—Report of Committee (Sir Artuur Kutru, 
Chairman; Prof. J. L. Myres, Secretary; Miss D. A. EK. Garrop) ~ 
appointed to complete the excavation of the prehistoric deposit in the — 
Tabgah caves in Galilee, under the supervision of the British School of — 
Archeology in Jerusalem. 
Arrmr the discovery of the ‘ Galilee Skull’ in the Zuttiyeh Cave at Tabgah in 1925, 
excavation was suspended, and the cave was enclosed by the Department of 
Antiquities. But in 1930 it was decided, in view of local complaints, to throw open 
the cave for use by shepherds as aforetime. Through the courtesy of the Department, 
however, an interval was conceded in which to complete the clearance of the palzolithic 
deposit in which the skull was found. This was done in the spring of 1931 by Mr. — 
G. Turville Petre, a student of the British School of Archeology in Jerusalem, who 
had taken part in the excavation of 1925. But the remainder of the deposit was not — 
large, and though implements were found, no further human remains were recovered. 
A full report will appear in the Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund. 
Mr. Turville Petre subsequently took part in excavation of similar caves near — 
Athlit, for the British School of Archeology in Jerusalem, and the Committee 
authorised him to apply to this work any balance which might remain after com- 
pleting the necessary work at Tabgah. ; 
f 
Vocational Tests.—Report of Committee (Dr. C. 8. Myers, Chairman ; . 
Dr. G. H. Mires, Secretary; Prof. C. Burt, Mr. F. M. Earws, Dr. 
L. C. Wynn Jonzs, Prof. T. H. Pear, Prof. C. Spearman). 
BrroreE presenting a report of the work for the year 1930-1931 a short survey of that 4 
done in the preceding years is given. During the year 1925-1926 a very comprehensive 
survey of the work being conducted in various parts of the world was made. A 
questionnaire was sent out; the replies received were very carefully analysed ; and 
the results were presented at the Oxford meeting, together with thirty-five exhibits — 
of material in the form of tests and literature which had been received from the various 
agencies and organisations concerned with vocational guidance and selection. A ~ 
grant was given for the purpose of analysing in the coming year the mass of material — 
so obtained. 
During the year 1926-1927 attention was concentrated mainly on a survey of 
intelligence tests which had been sent in by these organisations. It was found that 
the intelligence tests evidently only dealt with a very limited range of mental 
activities and that there was need for a wide range in the type of test. Further, it — 
seemed necessary that some form of standardisation as to the instructions which are 
given at the beginning of each test should be attempted. The instructions given 
before a test evidently prepare the candidate for a certain set or attitude towards the 
test ; and if the tests are to be comparable it is necessary that the instructions shoul 
be uniform ; otherwise different mental attitudes are produced on different occasions. — 
During the next year, 1927-1928, attention was concentrated on the analysis of 
tests for vocational fitness and for this purpose further inquiries were sent out to 
laboratories and industrial organisations which were giving special attention to the 
matter of vocational tests. In all, thirty-five additional replies were received. 
These, together with the material previously collected, gave a wide field for further 
inquiries. In addition certain notable characteristics emerged, one of the most 
important being that the follow-up methods used varied very considerably in different’ 
firms and in different laboratories. Furthermore the criteria used as to the effective- 
ness or otherwise of vocational tests seemed to give great scope for further research. — 
As regards the tests themselves, the summary showed that these were very varied in © 
character and that many quite different types of tests were often used to test out — 
what appeared to be fundamentally the same psychological aptitude or ability 
The tests did not in general measure any unitary ability; thus it seemed essenti 
to find out what they really did test, and this line of action naturally tended towards 
an analysis of the tests themselves. 
Tt was, therefore, decided that during the year 1928-1929 it would be best t 
concentrate on an intensive examination of typical tests of one particular type o 
