ON EDUCATIONAL TRAINING FOR OVERSEAS LIFE. 297 
Kingdom for their products, emphasis might well be laid on the fact that the 
extension of the demand in this country for Empire products is one of the surest 
_ means of creating further openings for our settlers overseas. 
| 2. Government Assistance.—In 1921 the Home and Overseas Governments adopted 
a policy of encouraging and assisting migration and settlement within the Empire, 
and in 1922 the Home Government passed the Empire Settlement Act. This Act 
enables the Government of the United Kingdom to provide not more than half the 
cost of settling suitable persons from this country in the Dominions, and, inter alia, 
_ to encourage and assist juvenile migration. In co-operation with the respective 
Governments, and with voluntary migration organisations, the Oversea Settlement 
Department has initiated schemes for the provision of free or very much reduced 
- ocean passages, and for the training and settlement of boys on the land, and it has 
_ made arrangements whereby the welfare of the juvenile settlers is supervised until they 
are able to run alone. In the case of boys the aim of the Government throughout has 
_ been not only to see that they are placed in suitable agricultural employment 
_ overseas, but to give the boy of thrift and initiative a good chance of attaining 
independence. In pursuance of this policy special schemes (which are described 
below) are in force in Canada and have until recently been operating in Australia. 
These offer generous help to the right type of boy. 
__-3. Voluntary Agencies—The Act of 1922 resulted in a marked increase in the 
volume and scope of the work of voluntary societies for promoting Empire settlement, 
as well as extension of that work on much broader lines than hitherto. Amongst the 
‘more important of these societies may be mentioned the 1820 Memorial Settlers 
Association, the Church of England Council of Empire Settlement, the Big Brother 
Movement, the Boy Scouts Association, and the District Migration Committees. 
Bach of these bodies has the approval and support of the Government, and all of them 
either have branches in the Dominions or are affiliated to kindred societies which 
have been set up overseas. 
The work of these organisations falls into two main divisions—(1) Recruiting, 
(2) Placement and after-care. 
Recruiting, of course, is carried out by the home branch of the organisation by 
means of publicity among schools, local representatives in different parts of the 
country, lectures, etc. All applicants are first considered by the society concerned, 
and if Government assistance is required towards their passage they are then sub- 
mitted for approval to the representative in this country of the respective Dominion 
Governments. 
The more important of the functions of voluntary societies are, however, placement 
and after-care, 7.e. first finding suitable openings in the Dominions for the settlers 
recruited over here by the home organisation, and then supervising their welfare 
during the first—sometimes difficult—years in the new country. In the Dominions, 
as at home, the voluntary organisations work with the approval and, in a certain 
measure, under the control of the overseas Governments, and they can obviously 
stand in a relationship to the settler which no Government could readily fill. In 
short, their fundamental purpose is to supply to the settler that personal care and 
guidance which is so important a factor in successful settlement, from the time 
when he first thinks of an oversea career to the time when, having served his 
apprenticeship overseas, he is able to stand alone. 
The majority of voluntary organisations have, of course, been more or less 
eriously affected by the present restriction of assisted migration, and by the fact 
t conditions overseas are generally unfavourable. For Australia, recruiting has 
d to be stopped altogether, the societies concerned confining themselves to the 
ter-care’ of those already settled in the Commonwealth. There is still, how- 
r,a limited flow of boys to Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, and it is 
hoped that at no very distant day circumstances in all the Dominions will have 
_ 4. Land Setilement Schemes.—This Report is concerned only with those schemes 
ich are suitable for secondary school boys. It is not easy, however, to draw a 
line of clear demarcation. Certain schemes, it is true, call for the possession of 
capital by the settler, and might for that reason be considered as being specially 
plicable to the secondary or ‘ public’ school boy. Others, on the contrary, are 
open equally to boys with or without capital, but are none the less suitable for boys 
