302 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE, ETC. 
secondary school. A guarantee must be furnished that the sum of £1,000 will be 
available for the use of the boy when he is ready to commence farming on his own 
account. 
Boys accepted by the Association receive a rebate of 15 per cent. on their ocean 
passages. They are met at the port of arrival in South Africa by a representative of 
the Association, which thereafter assumes full responsibility for their welfare. 
Each settler is required to undergo a period of three years’ training—one year at 
the Association’s Training Farm and two years with an approved farmer. Tuition is 
free, and during the two years with a farmer board and lodging is also free ; but at 
the Training Farm there is a charge of £5 a month to cover living expenses. On 
completion of his period of training the boy is passed out as a settler, and the Associa- 
tion assists him to establish himself upon his property and stands behind him until he 
ceases to require help. Settlers who prove satisfactory during the training period may, 
if necessary, be granted financial assistance in the shape of loans either from the 
Government or from the Association, or from both. 
(ec) SOUTHERN RHODESIA. 
Southern Rhodesia is very suitable for agriculture and ranching, but it does not 
offer many openings for boys. Farmers usually work their own farms, while all the 
unskilled labour is performed by natives. On the other hand, given that a boy is 
prepared (i) to pay for training and spend a year at the Matopos Agricultural College, 
Buluwayo, (ii) then two or three years with a farmer to gain a knowledge of local 
conditions and local experience, and (iii) is assured of not less than £1,500 capital 
at his disposal at the end of his apprenticeship, the country offers big prospects of a 
successful career. There were some excellent Government land settlement schemes 
in operation last year, but owing to the economic condition of the country they are 
in abeyance (1931). 
(f) THE COLONIAL EMPIRE. 
The Colonial Empire.—The territories‘ constituting the Empire overseas, not 
comprised in the self-governing Dominions or India, afford many opportunities for 
young men of good education. The population of these Dependencies is nearly twice 
that of the self-governing Dominions. Their overseas trade has trebled during the 
last twenty years. Government staffs have increased from 93,000 in 1909 to 220,000 
in 1929; in the latter year as many as 1,078 Government appointments were filled 
from this country. Of these appointments, 449 were made by the Secretary of State 
for the Colonies to administrative, educational, medical, agricultural, scientific and 
numerous other posts. Other appointments were made by the Crown Agents for the 
Colonies to posts connected with the railways and other public works—engineers, 
accountants, sanitary inspectors, etc. Outside the Government services, recruits 
are needed by commercial firms, mining companies and the like, operating in 
individual Dependencies with head offices in this country, e.g. the 54 operating on the 
Gold Coast and the 22 operating in North Borneo. Many of these firms recruit 
young men of school-leaving age. 
It should be pointed out that while, unlike the Dominions, 90 per cent. of the 
Colonial Empire lies within the tropics, tropical medicine and hygiene have done 
much to lessen the effects of the climatic conditions. 
4The Dependencies administered by the Secretary of State for the Colonies may 
be classified as follows : 
Tropical Africa, [Hast: Kenya, Nyasaland, Tanganyika Territory, Uganda, 
Somaliland, Zanzibar, and Northern Rhodesia. 
West: Nigeria, the Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia. 
Eastern Colonies and Protectorates : Ceylon, Hong Kong, the Straits Settlements, 
and the Malay States. 
The West Indian Colonies: Jamaica, Bahamas, Barbados, Windward Islands, 
Leeward Islands and Trinidad, with British Guiana and British Honduras. 
Western Pacific: Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, British Solomon Islands. 
Mediterranean : Cyprus and Gibraltar. 
Middle Hast: Palestine. 
a ead Islands: Mauritius, Seychelles, Bermuda, Falkland Islands, and St. 
elena. 
