306 REPORTS ON THE STATE ‘OF SCIENCE, ETC. 
the Women’s Branch of the Oversea Settlement Department, is in a position to give 
first-hand and accurate information on these and kindred points. 
(c) Teaching Posts.—Teaching posts in Government Schools in Canada, Australia, 
New Zealand and South Africa are filled only from applicants already in the 
Dominions, and in Canada only from amongst those who have taken a period of 
training in a normal school. The length of necessary training varies in the different 
Provinces ; it may be as long as 33 weeks or as short as 15 weeks. Occasionally an 
interim certificate to teach pending the final examination being taken is granted by 
the Education Authority. In Australia and New Zealand British-trained teachers 
may receive appointments provided they possess a Board of Education Certificate 
and have had a college training. In most of the Provinces in the Union of South 
Africa a locally trained candidate is given preference over a British one unless the 
latter has beenin the Dominion for three years. This rule doesnotapplyin Natal. In 
Southern Rhodesia British women holding good British qualifications may be accepted 
for work in Government schools. The Education Department seldom applies to 
England direct for trained certificated teachers; but an applicant already in the 
country and presenting good testimonials and certificates may occasionally be 
accepted. It is, however, possible for trained certificated teachers to be placed 
directly in positions overseas by the 8.0.8.B.W. 
Private Schools in all the Dominions may, if the Board of Management desire, 
draw their staff from British-trained teachers. The §8.0.8.B.W. maintains corre- 
spondence with the headmistresses of such schools, who from time to time notify the 
Society of approaching vacancies on their staffs. In like manner the Society keeps 
a private register of qualified women who desire to hear of openings overseas. 
Selection is made by a panel of experienced women, who examine the qualifications, 
etc., of all applicants, both from amongst those already on the Society’s register and 
those with whom contact is achieved through advertisements in educational or other 
papers. Employers specify the particular qualifications required for each post, and 
it should be borne in mind that, generally speaking, degrees in the higher branches 
of teaching, such as Mathematics and Latin, or Kindergarten and Froebel Diplomas, 
are asked for. 
The salaries offered vary greatly. Those in Southern Rhodesia are, as a rule, 
rather higher than the teacher might expect to obtain in the United Kingdom, but 
the higher cost of living must be set against this. In the Dominions the salaries are, 
generally speaking, about the same as those in Great Britain, though in some Provinces 
and States the scale is lower. 
(d) Hospital Nurses.—The Overseas Nursing Association, a society of long standing 
in London, acts in co-operation with the authorities of the Colonial Office, and selects 
nurses to fill vacancies in the hospitals of the Crown Colonies. The S8.0.S8.B.W. is 
also able to place nurses direct by maintaining contact with superintendents in charge 
of hospitals and nursing homes throughout the Dominions. These officials from 
time to time notify the Society of unfilled posts. 
(e) Nursery Governesses.—The 8.0.8.B.W. is also able to send a limited number 
of well-educated women to South Africa to be placed by the representatives of the 
Society in Cape Town as nursery governesses in private families or in other positions 
for which they are fitted. 
(f) Cost of Passage-—The cost of passage must, as a rule, be borne by the 
individual applicant, though in some instances the school or hospital concerned will 
bear a portion or possibly the whole of the cost in return for an undertaking to serve 
a specified number of years. To others who are unable to find the necessary money 
the 8.0.S.B.W. is able to offer help by way of loan to be repaid by instalments over 
a period of years. 
(g) Government Assistance.—An agreement to which the 8.0.S.B.W. is a party 
is in force between the Government of Great Britain and Southern Rhodesia enabling 
considerable assistance to be given towards the transit of young women proceeding to 
definite employment of a domestic kind in Southern Rhodesia. Such employment 
includes that of nursery governesses and trained children’s nurses, and, in special 
instances, hospital nurses. 
2. STATE-AIDED SETTLERS. 
(a) Assisted Passages.—Turning to the migrant who requires State assistance, it — 
may be said that since the passing of the Empire Settlement Act in 1922 and the 
resultant agreements between the British and Overseas Governments which were in 
