ON EDUCATIONAL TRAINING FOR OVERSEAS LIFE. 321 
other hand, omission from the list does not imply inefliciency. For example, Harrow 
and Rugby are both in the list ; Eton is not. The latest edition of the list (1930-31) 
contains the names of more than 1,550 secondary schools. It gives the name of the 
responsible body, the head master or mistress, the fees for tuition and boarding, the 
number of day pupils and of boarders, and the examinations for which pupils are 
prepared. There is a similar List 60 for Wales. 
Although not coming strictly within the definition of a secondary school, the 
preparatory schools may be considered as an appendage to the secondary school 
system. To be recognised by the Board as efficient they must provide a general 
education suited to an age range between 8 and 13 years, and be schools from which 
pupils normally proceed to a secondary school or other similar institution. 
, Alongside the secondary schools, in the general acceptance of the term, are a 
number of schools and institutions which fill a definite place in the secondary 
education system of the country, but the aim of which is to prepare boys and girls 
for a technical, industrial or commercial career. In this class are technical day 
schools, junior technical, art and housewifery schools, and farm institutes. 
The various types of school providing secondary education are described below, 
those for boys being given first. 
Boys’ ScHoots. 
1. Public Schools. 
These are generally considered as the bright particular jewel of the English 
educational system. With few exceptions they are boarding schools, though many 
of them admit day boys from the immediate neighbourhood. The traditional 
curriculum is largely classical, but in nearly all public schools nowadays due attention 
_is paid to science and modern languages. The technical hall-mark of a public school 
is that its headmaster is a member of the Headmasters’ Conference, and in addition 
to the nine great public schools there are some sixty others scarcely less famous 
seattered throughout the country, together with about forty of the older grammar 
schools, which maintain such close relationship with Oxford and Cambridge that 
their headmasters have been admitted to membership of the Conference. 
__ The pupils at the public schools proper enter usually at the age of 12 or 13 from 
preparatory schools. The high fees charged practically confine the membership to 
children of the well-to-do classes, though some scholarships are given. The schools 
are governed by independent corporations and exist on high fees and rich endowments. 
‘The fees vary roughly between £100 and £200 a year for boarders and between £20 
and £60 a year for day boys, though in a few cases they are higher. In the case of 
a number of public schools, circumstances exist which tend to give a bias in some 
particular direction. For example, the governing body may be connected to some 
teligious denomination, or the school may have been founded for the benefit of the 
‘sons of members of some particular profession, such as the Army or the Church, but 
in many of these schools the original scheme has been widened, and pupils who do not 
fulfil the original conditions are now accepted. Full details on all the points 
mentioned may be found in the ‘ Public Schools’ Year Book.’ 
. Grammar and Endowed Schools. 
__ These are endowed schools mainly of old foundation, and are to be found in most 
historic towns and even in some villages. Their title often indicates the period of their 
origin or the name of their pious founder. Many of the older schools are combined 
day and boarding schools, and they are distinguished from the public schools chiefly 
in that they acquire a local character and tradition and adapt themselves more 
readily to changes in educational ideals and methods. The original predominance 
of the classics has largely disappeared, and they now give a due place to modern 
languages, science and commercial subjects. While a number are still independent, 
the majority now receive aid from the State or the local education authorities, and 
e is a tendency for them to pass in consequence more and more under the control 
the Board of Education and the local authority. This is particularly so in the 
of the day schools, and there are probably not more than a dozen secondary day 
schools for boys which do not receive aid from public funds. For day boys the fees 
range from £10 to £30 a year, anything above £30 being exceptional. For boarders 
the total fees usually lie between £50 and £100 a year. 
1931 wy 
