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SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—M. 517 
AFTERNOON. 
ScriENCE AND THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS :— 
Dr. Stennouse Witu1amMs.—Milk and Milk Products. 
Dr. T. Moran.—Meat and Cold Storage. 
A brief review is given of the way in which research has assisted in the preservation 
of meat by means of low temperatures. In particular, attentionis drawn to the recent 
establishment in the trade of the process of rapid freezing of meat and its transport 
and distribution in small joint or carton form. 
The paper outlines the principle of the method, together with some of the problems 
still to be overcome in the freezing, transport and retailing. 
Dr. S. G. Barxer.— Wool. 
The attributes of wool may be classified under three headings, namely, dimensional, 
constitutional and structural. The interrelationship of these factors leads to a 
definition of the manufacturing ability and response to processing of the wool of a 
particular flock or breed. It is possible to control and alter the relationship of these 
factors one to another by careful breeding, and thus to produce wool for particular 
manufacturing purposes, of which the characteristics specially required therefore are 
most highly developed. 
The economic consequences of production of a raw material for special manufacturing 
requirements must be fully realised. Methods are outlined and practical instances 
_ given of facts and figures showing the relationship of the attributes of the fibre to 
practical conditions both in agriculture and industry. Modern fibre analytical 
methods and the facts concerning the nature of the wool fibre ensuing from their 
employment are discussed, in the light of new uses for wool. 
Monday, September 28. 
ScreNcE AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION :— 
Prof. J. A. 8. Warson.—Breeding: The Application of the Empirical 
Method. 
‘Prof. F. A. KE. Crew.—Breeding : The Application of Genetics. 
Selection in the hands of the breeder has changed the breeds out of all recognition 
in a relatively small number of generations, in respect of conformation and the 
production of animal commodities. On the other hand, the same measure of selection 
has been unsuccessful when applied to the case of a single factor difference such as 
red coat colour in a black breed. The difference in effectiveness of selection would 
seem to be due to the fact that in the case of those qualities for which selection has 
been made, and in the instances in which it has been successful, dominance is 
relatively uncommon. [If this is so, then the efficiency of selection will be determined 
by several conditions, e.g. the heterozygosity of the stock, and by the genetic com- 
plexity of the characters for which selection is made. 
The purpose of all breeding operations is the production of a type that will flourish 
in a given environment and which will fulfil the requirements of its appointed destiny. 
There must be complete harmony between type, habitat and destiny. When destiny 
and habitat are fixed the type must be evolved through breeding. Most recent 
attempts at animal improvement have involved the importation of specimens of 
improved European breeds for the purpose of crossing with, or of grading up, a local 
stock. It is highly questionable, in the light of results of these attempts, that such 
a method possesses any advantage over the less favoured one of selection in a given 
direction and toward a desired type amongst the animals already existing in any 
particular locality. 
Recent developments in our knowledge of the physiological factors affecting the 
processes of growth and of differentiation, and the sex and reproductive life of the 
