PEN DINAS HILL FORT, CARDIGANSHIRE 263 
These people were considered by Rasmusson to represent the most primitive 
Eskimos, and unlike many of the coastal Eskimos they have had very little 
contact with civilised peoples. When opportunity arises through some 
expedition it is hoped to be able to obtain the blood groups of the Congo 
Pigmies, because their blood grouping should throw definite light on the 
relationship of the pigmies to the negroes. 
PEN DINAS HILL FORT, CARDIGANSHIRE. 
Report of Committee appointed to co-operate with the Pen Dinas Excavation 
Committee in the excavation of Pen Dinas Hill Fort, Cardiganshire 
(Dr. Cyrit Fox, Chairman; Mr. V. E. NasH-WILLiaMs, Secretary ; 
Prof. V. Gorpon CHILDE, Prof. C. DARYLL Forpg, Rt. Hon. Lord 
Racian, Dr. R. E. M. WHEELER). 
THE second season of archzological work on Pen Dinas, an Iron Age Hill 
Fort half a mile south of Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, began on August 6 
last, and will be concluded on or about September15. ‘The funds available, 
including the British Association’s grant of £25, are being expended almost 
entirely on labour, since the equipment has been obtained by loan from 
various bodies and individuals. Eight workmen are being regularly employed 
at a wage of 35s. per week, so that the British Association grant has covered the 
cost of nearly two of the four working weeks that are almost completed. 
The southern area of the main fortress is being investigated this year. 
It has been found that the eastern ramparts formerly curved round to en- 
close the main (or southern) fortified area on the north, and a strong walled 
bank, originally some 12 ft. high, was fronted by a 7-ft. ditch and counter- 
scarp bank. 
At a later date the greater part of a lower lying plateau to the north was 
fortified by bank and ditch on a rather smaller scale and linked to the main 
fortress. At about this time a gap was driven through the main defences 
to give access to this area. On the lower rubble of the breached walls and 
over the filled ditch an incurved entrance, with a triple series of gate-posts, 
was constructed. 'This formed an inner gate to the fortress, which had to 
be reached by an outer entrance through the lower fortification of the 
northern extension. ‘This outer entrance was as first constructed a wide 
(40-ft.) gap, with semicircular walling, possibly an open driveway for 
livestock. At a later period, however, this gap was narrowed to 14 ft. by 
extending the bank and walling from either side, and post holes suitable for 
heavy swing gates and a bridge were set up at the corners. 
A rectangular guard-house or dwelling-house, delimited by post holes, a 
packed earth floor, and slab hearth, has been found immediately within and 
to the south of this later outer gate. Finally, a third period of construction 
has been found at this gate in which the bank was heightened and extended 
on the outer side to the south. ‘This extension covered the old ditch, anda 
second rock-cut ditch was in consequence constructed further east. 
Numerous flint flakes as well as iron and bronze fragments have been 
found, but no pottery has so far been discovered. 
