SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—D, E. 927. 
Correlations are given between southerly and easterly winds and the 
divergence from the coast of the surface water leading to the upwelling of 
cool water ; the subsidence of the latter upon a failure or a change of wind. 
Correlations are also given between the plankton and the nutrient salts, 
and between the phytoplankton and the zooplankton and the animals of 
economic importance. 
SECTION E.—GEOGRAPHY. 
Thursday, September 6. 
PRESIDENTIAL AppRESS by Prof. A. G. Ocitviz, O.B.E., on Co-operative 
research in geography ; with an African example (10.0). (See p. 99.) 
Lt.-Col. A. B. CLoucn, O.B.E., M.C._—The geographical considerations in 
the delimitation of international boundaries (with special reference to 
the Northern Rhodesia-Belgian Congo Boundary) (11.15). 
Boundary ‘delimitation’ is the work of the political administrator, 
* demarcation ’ that of the commissioner and surveyor. Necessity for basing 
treaty decisions on trustworthy facts and geographical knowledge. 
Difficulties in past due to lack of geographical knowledge on part of treaty 
makers. Various sorts of national and artificial boundaries—e.g. rivers, 
watersheds, mountain ranges, meridians, parallels, etc.; their virtues and 
failings, and some classical examples. 
History of boundaries in Central Africa. The partitioning of Africa 
among European powers. General geographical and climatic character- 
istics in Northern Rhodesia. Treaty definition of boundary between 
Northern Rhodesia and Belgian Congo dividing the boundary into five 
main sections. 
First demarcation by Commission in 1911-14, and what they accom- 
plished. Post-war mineral development and its repercussions. Necessity 
for more intensive boundary demarcation. 
New Commission commenced work 1927 along the watershed section. 
Necessity for re-triangulation : its execution, and difficulties due to climatic 
and topographical causes. Location of watershed, erection of beacons and 
boundary traverses. 
Geographical considerations affecting the Mpanta meridian, River 
Luapula and Lake Mweru sections. Point of doubt and discussions 
regarding the straight-line section between Lakes Mweru and Tanganyika. 
Necessity for remapping this section. Establishment of co-ordinates of 
boundary pillars: drawing up of plans and keeping open the boundary 
cutting. Encroachments over the boundary and their adjustment. 
Mr. J. McFartane.—The basins of the Dee and the Don (12.0). 
Mr. J. S. Tooms.—The northern valleys of Angus (12.30). 
The transverse, immature and intensely glaciated valleys of northern 
Angus, deeply cut in the gently rolling surface of the Grampian peneplain, 
and separated from each other by a series of tapering, asymmetrical spurs, 
carry excellent pastures on their drift-covered slopes, while the natural 
vegetation is peculiarly suited to game. In spite of climatic uncertainty 
