SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—H. 355 
Their theory of the soul and of reincarnation, which may take two forms 
dependent on the social pattern of the community and originating in two 
distinct types of cross-cousin marriage, partly determines the attitude 
towards the dead, which is elaborated also by a teleological concept of 
Elysium which is not necessarily at variance with the theory of reincarnation. 
It is shown that the evolution of hero-cults and divinities is an exceptional 
feature of the ancestral organisation, emphasising its secular character 
rather than pointing to a supposedly religious basis. This view necessitates 
a revision of the terminology descriptive of the African attitude towards 
the dead. 
Dr. B. S. Guna.—The racial types in the population of India (3.0). 
The paper embodies the results of the special anthropometric inquiries 
carried out in 1930-34 on behalf of the last census operations of India, 
during which the greater part of the country was visited and measurements 
were taken on nearly 4,000 individuals. The anthropometric data were 
statistically analysed by means of Prof. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Racial 
Likeness, and the results obtained disclose the absence of marked morpho- 
logical differences between the Brahmins and the upper caste population, 
whose basic element appears to be Mediterranean, and over which have 
superimposed (a) an Alpine-Armenoid strain in Western India and Bengal, 
probably entering India at a very early period, as the recent skeletal finds 
at Harappa would appear to indicate, and (6) a proto-Nordic element with 
the Aryan invasion of North-Western India. 
The aboriginal tribes show a definite negrito strain whose remnants are 
still to be found among the Kadars of the Perambicullum Hills of Cochin. 
The Mongoloid influence is conspicuous in the territories bordering on the 
Himalayas and the hills along the eastern frontiers of India. 
Prof. Acnes C. L. DonoHucu.—Social sanctions and social restraints in 
native African society (4.0). 
Friday, September 7. 
Dr. J. F. Tocuer.—The services of Francis Galton and his school to physical 
anthropology and eugenics (10.0). 
Francis Galton, a frequent contributor to the proceedings of the British 
Association, was -President of Section H in Aberdeen in 1885. In his 
Presidential Address he proved, by the principle of correlation which he 
had then recently discovered, that heredity could be quantitatively measured, 
using stature as an illustration. He concluded by saying: ‘ When heredity 
shall have become much better and more generally understood than now 
I can believe that we shall look upon a neglect to conserve any valuable 
form of family type as a wrongful waste of opportunity. The appearance 
of each new natural peculiarity is a faltering step in the upward journey of 
evolution over which, in outward appearance, the whole living world is 
blindly blundering and stumbling, but whose general direction man has the 
intelligence dimly to discern and whose progress he has power to facilitate.’ 
By inventing the calculation of correlation, so fully developed by Pearson 
and his school, Galton placed anthropology upon a sound scientific basis. 
Galton is the Faraday and Pearson the Clerk Maxwell of anthropology. 
Since Galton’s day a large mass of data bearing upon man’s physical and 
psychical characters has been submitted to statistical analysis with fruitful 
