372 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—J. 
knowing no word of English. The present investigation was undertaken 
with the object of discovering the influence of bilingualism on the thought 
processes of children of Primary School age. Mental tests have been given 
in isolated schools in the Western Highlands and Islands over a period of ten 
years. A group of children has also been retested with the Drever-Collins 
Performance Scale, and the results correlated with those of the 1932 Scottish 
Mental Survey of Intelligence. Significant factors influencing the results of 
intelligence tests are ; (1) The conditions of extreme isolation under which 
the children grow up ; some of the side schools visited for the purpose of 
the investigation can only be reached by boat, and in favourable weather. 
(2) The influence, on a young child’s mental and emotional development, 
of a second language, acquired before the power of expression in the mother 
tongue has become effective. 
Mr. R. J. BaRTLETT.—Association tests with psychotic patients (11.30). 
Tests in free and controlled association were given to 29 psychotic and 
14 normal subjects. 
The psychotic records vary from an approximation to normal records 
to those in which words were replaced by phrases the links between which 
it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to surmise. 
With linked free associates large median differences between psychotic 
and normal records were obtained. In controlled associates the median 
differences varied from a small amount that is not statistically significant 
in the case of writing ‘ words beginning with S ’ to a difference 11-5 times 
its probable error for writing ‘ opposites.’ In the first part of a test re- 
sembling Jung’s, association times varied from a record with interquartile 
range 1°2-1°8 sec. and longest time of 2-2 sec. to’ one with interquartile 
range of 8-5—16-2 sec. and longest time 53:2 sec. In the second and third 
parts of the test yet longer times and considerable variation in recovery 
ability were registered. 
Small but significant correlations between physicians’ estimates and test 
scores were obtained, and it is hoped that the work may develop into tests 
of value in the treatment of patients in securing (1) for the physician, 
additional contact with the patient’s mental difficulties, and (2) for the 
patient, a renewed contact with his rational past. 
Prof. D. Katz.—(i) Dissolution of the family in hens (12.15). 
(ii) Localisation of sound by dogs. 
AFTERNOON. 
(Section meeting in two divisions.) 
Division t. 
Discussion on Perseveration (2.0) :— 
Dr. LL. Wynn Jones.— Introduction. 
Manifestations of perseveration may be classified in various ways, e.g. 
as affective, conative, ideational, sensory, or motor aspects of mentality. 
The study of the interrelation between these forms of perseveration has not 
received adequate attention. 
Investigators agree in finding evidence for a common factor in the motor 
tests which may, therefore, serve the important function of supplying 
