458 MVRONVE. POLE ER: 
partly of modified material, connecting the two sand-plains on 
the east, and having an average height of about forty feet. On 
the west there is no marked rise between the clays and the 
waters of the bay, the latter even at the present time having 
access’ to the clays by a fair-sized estuary. The surface of the 
clays is practically at sea level. 
The clays, which vary from gray to blue-gray in color ware 
composed principally of quartz flour—the ultimate product of 
glacial scouring—with a comparatively slight intermixture of 
true clay. Their amount, allowing for the thinning out in vari- 
ous directions, and taking their specific gravity as 2.5, is found 
to be approximately 95.3 million tons. 
Conditions at time of deposition.—The heights of the two sand- 
plains are about fifty feet and indicate a probable height of 
water at the time of their formation of at least forty feet above — 
the present sea level. The ice on the north, the ridge on the 
east, and the Nyatt Point plain on the south would form an 
inclosed bay, with practically no opening except at the west. 
Here, however, there must have been an opening something like 
three fourths of a mile wide and thirty-five to forty feet deep 
connecting with the sea and allowing a more or less complete 
commingling of the salt and fresh waters. 
Into this inclosed bay emptied, as indicated by its esker, a 
glacial stream 150 feet wide, with a probable depth of some 
twenty feet, and a velocity sufficient at times to move pebbles up 
to six inches in diameter. This would indicate a maximum 
velocity of a little over six feet per second, but the average 
material composing the esker would require a current certainly 
not over five feet per second. The discharge of such a stream 
would be 15,000 cubic feet per second. 
The area of the cross-section of the outlet from the inclosed 
bay was about 138,000 square feet, or some forty-six times that 
of the glacial stream. If discharge took place uniformly through 
the outlet the velocity would have been one and one third inches 
per second. If the flow of the fresh water took place as a sur- 
face current, as would have been the tendency, a somewhat 
