REVIEWS 513 
Following the discussion of these topics, a chapter is devoted to 
the topographic features which depend for their existence upon the 
character of the rock rather than upon the position of its beds. The 
topographic effects of structure other than stratification and the results 
of the varying composition of rock are considered. 
To the topographic effects of glaciation two chapters are given, and 
while the text is clear, no virtue which it possesses can compensate for 
the entire absence of cuts illustrative of the points described. Nowhere 
are illustrations more needed, and in no field are they more easily 
obtained. ‘The topographic effects of eolian action, involving a brief 
consideration of dunes and of rock sculpture effected by the wind, and 
of the surface effects of underground water, are next considered. In 
the case of the last topic, illustrations are again altogether wanting. 
A chapter is given to the discussion of basins (depressions without 
outlets), and illustrations showing the real nature of basins are intro- 
duced which will tend to correct the prevalent erroneous notions con- 
cerning the shape of these topographic features. The topography of 
coast lines is briefly discussed, and too meagerly illustrated. It is with 
regret that the lack of illustrations is repeatedly referred to, but in a 
book of this sort, which deals almost exclusively with the forms of the 
surface, the lack of illustrations is especially serious. 
The volume closes with a classification of land forms. It is to be 
especially noted that the classification comes in the right place, after 
(and not before) a consideration of the processes of earth sculpture 
and their results, and therefore when the reader is for the first time in 
a position to appreciate the force and the meaning of the classification. 
This is a point which the writers of books intended to be educational 
would do well to note. Many of our text-books are lumbered with 
elaborate synoptical classifications preceding the discussion of the 
things which are classified. When the classification in such positions 
is reached by the student he has no comprehension of its meaning, 
and too often does not refer to it after the chapter is read. 
In spite of the one notable defect which has been referred to, Pro- 
fessor Geikie’s book is to be heartily commended to students and 
teachers of geography. 
Professor Davis’s book differs from the others in being a text-book. 
The author has followed traditional lines to the extent of including 
in the volume a consideration of the atmosphere and the ocean as well 
