604 THOMAS L. WATSON 
these was fed by a marginal stream flowing along the ice front, 
which was, in turn, made up from the numerous smaller streams 
flowing off of the ice at its front. In some instances the lakes 
had been recently drained revealing heavy and conspicuous silt 
deposits, which necessarily were irregular in position, as is char- 
acteristic of marginal lakes. Some were found draining through 
tunnel outlets in and under the ice. 
Morainal formed lakes, both by means of the masses ponding 
back the waters, and as kettles occupying the depressions in the 
morainal accumulations, were not uncommon. 
Lakes noted at other points.—Rock inclosed bodies of water 
similar to those on the upper Nugsuak were noted at the follow- 
ing points: Turnavik Island, off the middle coast of Labrador ; 
Big Savage Island, Hudson Strait ; Icy Cove, the extreme south- 
ern coast of Meta Incognita; Niantilik, Cumberland Sound ; and 
at several places along the Greenland coast to the south of the 
Upper Nugsuak peninsula. So far as observation extended their 
origin and development have been essentially the same. 
At Niantilik a large number of typical rock-basins, resem- 
bling in every respect the Nugsuak lakes, were observed. Where 
studied, these were found developed in true strike valleys, and in 
case of the larger ones, roches moutonnées islands of slight eleva- 
tion and formed by the hard layers of steeply tilted gniess were 
found. The character of these lakes left no doubt as to their 
being true rock-basins formed in part by ice erosion. Their 
entire circumferences were in many cases encircled by rock in 
place. 
THE VALLEYS 
No grouping of the valleys according to direction could be 
effected, since they were found trending with all points of the 
compass. An apparent series of major valleys were observed, 
cutting the peninsula in a direction varying from an almost east 
and west course to one at nearly right angles to this, which 
invariably had a seaward termination. 
In a very general way, the larger valleys are best described 
as being very deep and broad, somewhat U-shaped in outline. 
