REVIEWS 823 
4. The first definite evidence of Antillean lands is found in the eruptive 
rocks of late Cretaceous time, when it is probable that there were marine 
volcanoes. 
5. The land débris constituting the Eocene strata throughout the islands 
testifies the pre-existence of extensive Cretaceous land areas. 
6. There was a profound regional subsidence in late Eocene and early 
Oligocene time, which submerged all but the highest tips of the Antilles, and 
which extended to the margins of the surrounding continents. 
7. In late Oligocene or Miocene time there was a tremendous oroganic 
movement which resulted in uplift, whereby many of the islands were con- 
nected with each other, and possibly an insular southern portion of Florida, 
but not establishing land connection with the North and South American 
continents. 
8. In Miocene or early Pliocene time the islands were severed by sub- 
mergence into their present outlines and membership, which they have since 
retained with only secondary modification. 
g. In Pliocene and Pleistocene time there have been intermittent periods 
of elevation without serious deformation, but not sufficient to establish land 
connections or to restore the islands to the heights and areas of mid-Tertiary 
time. The Pleistocene movements, while epeirogenic, were sufficiently dif- 
ferential to show that they were not uniform in all parts of the area, showing 
great differences in amplitude within the West Indian area, and were not 
harmonious with those of the North American coastal plain. 
10. The irregularities of the submerged configuration of the West Indian 
region are orogenic, and not due to submerged continental drainage systems. 
11. The elevated coral reefs of the West Indies were formed on rising 
lands. 
In appendices Mr. Hill gives an additional note on the Geology 
of Porto Rico and Santiago de Cuba, and Mr. T. Wayland Vaughan 
describes some Cretaceous and Eocene corals from Jamaica. The note 
on the geology of Porto Rico and Santiago de Cuba, based on a 
recent geological reconnoissance, is as follows: 
1. An older plexus of water-sorted hornblendic volcanic material— tuffs 
and conglomerates with interbedded Cretaceous Rudistean limestone similar 
to that of Jamaica, composing the central mountains. 
2. An Eocene system of impure lignitic sands and clays like the Rich- 
mond beds, occurring on the western side of the island near San Sebastian. 
3. Fossiliferous marl beds overlapping the above, which at this writing 
have not been determined. 
4. Miocene coral limestone, unlike anything hitherto recorded from the 
Great Antilles, but of the type occurring in Antigua. These constitute the 
hilly country north and northwest of Lares. 
