Kennard ^ Warren — Blown Sands, etc., Towan Head. 23 



sand, at some little distance to the south of the lifeboat house, 

 a flint was found that shows some signs of having been chipped. 

 It may be quite accidental, and is certainly too indefinite to rank as 

 evidence, but since flint is scarce and kitchen-middens occur at no 

 great distance and on nearly the same horizon, and there is also the 

 pottery already mentioned, it seems worth while to mention it. 



Still further to the south, at the extremity of a miniature point to 

 the north-north-west of the Headland Hotel, the cliff" is capped by 

 about six feet of loamy sand, with the usual layers of Mytili ; while 

 at the bottom of the sand, and separated from the Devonian slates 

 by a very thin deposit of Head, there are two kitchen-middens. 

 These are only a few inches in thickness, and they are separated 

 from each other by a layer of loamy sand. They are largely made 

 up of shells of Mytili, though Patellce are also common, together 

 with charred wood and stones showing the action of fire ; there is 

 also a great amount of black material in their composition. A number 

 of shells were collected from the sands above the kitchen-midden ; 

 the list is given in column E. Only a few land shells were seen in 

 the kitchen-midden ; the list is in column F. 



At the next small point in the cliff's, on the opposite side of 

 a miniature cove, the following section was measured : — 



feet. 

 Holocene blown sand, with a layer of Mytili at about five feet from 



the surface ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 



Head: angular rock debris and loam 5 



Pleistocene blown sand, partially consolidated, belonging to the 



Eaised Beach Series ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 



The Pleistocene blown sand and Head are rudely interstratified 

 together at their junction. At the point where the section was 

 taken, the rocks of the shore are high, and the old Blown Sand of 

 the Raised Beach is eight feet in thickness ; but in the little coves 

 where the rocks are lower, the Eaised Beach Series descends 

 correspondingly to within a few feet of high-water mark, and thus 

 indicates a greater thickness. At the lower points there are 

 frequently beds of pebbles at its base, though these are not so 

 strongly developed as in Fistral Bay.^ In the upper part of the 

 sand, above the layer of Mytili, and at from two to thi'ee feet from 

 the surface, the species shown in column G were collected. At 

 from five to six feet from the surface, and in and below the layer 

 of Mytili, were those given in column H. 



Following the cliff's further to the south, and just west of the 

 Headland Hotel, it is to be noted that the layer of Mytili gradually 

 rises up to the surface, while the sands between that layer and the 

 Head thicken proportionally. This, though much flattened by time, 

 is evidently an ancient dune. At a little distance in this direction, 

 and near the next small cove, another kitchen-midden is seen in 

 the sand at about five feet from the surface. This is in every 

 way similar to those already described, but, so far as can be seen, 



^ They were probably situated further out to sea than the pebble beds of the bay, 

 and so have been destroyed. 



