H. J. L. Beadnell — Flint Implements from Fayum, Egypt. 53 



Thus, whilst the order of succession is the same in both areas, 

 namely, conglomerate, sandstone series, and limestones, there are 

 small differences, due possibly to a less thorough examination of 

 Chitral, where the I'ocks were merely seen on a flying visit to 

 a country very difficult of access. These differences consist jnainly 

 of differences of colour, which in Hazara is a prevalent purple 

 through all three formations, whilst in Chitral only the sandstone 

 is referred to as red. As such differences of colour are more 

 probably due to secondary than primary causes, 1 think that their 

 importance is not great when compared with the general similarities 

 of the two series. 



In referring to this case of Hazara I wish to point out that 

 Mr. Middlemiss, after describing the infra-Trias in that area, and 

 after having seen the well-known Blaini beds near Simla, had no 

 hesitation in correlating the conglomerate of Hazara with the Blaini 

 boulder bed. As it seems probable that the infra-Trias conglomerate 

 of Hazara is the equivalent of the conglomerate below the Devonian 

 limestone of Chitral, we have a further support for the correlation 

 of the Chitral conglomerate with that of the Blaini beds, and 

 therefore a further reason for regarding the Blaini conglomerate 

 a,s at least Devonian in age. 



There is, however, one element of doubt about the correlation of 

 conglomerates in isolated areas, which must necessarily show certain 

 points of correspondence, and that is illustrated by the fact that 

 Mr. Middlemiss has also correlated the Hazara conglomerate with 

 the boulder bed of the Salt Kange, whose age, as shown by the 

 associated fossils, is not greater than Upper Carboniferous. But at 

 the same time he recognised certain differences, the chief being the 

 absence of striated pebbles in Hazara, and it is in this important 

 respect that the conglomerates of Hazara, Chitral, and Blaini all 

 agree to differ from the boulder beds of the Salt Eange and the 

 Talchirs, whose age has been determined by fossil evidence. 



In default, therefore, of evidence to the contrary we are justified 

 in regarding the Chitral conglomerate as the horizon of reference 

 for these similar conglomerates in the old unfossiliferous systems 

 of the North-West Himalayas, whilst the boulder beds of the Salt 

 Eange, the Talchirs, and their foreign equivalents, which so often 

 show direct evidence of ice-action, are younger in age. 



III. — Neolithic Flint Implements from the Northern Desert 



OF THE Fa^sum, Egypt. 



By H. J. L. Beadnell, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Egypt. 



(PLATES III AND IV.) 



IN the course of my work in the deserts of the Fayum during the 

 last two years 1 found that over a certain area to the north of 

 the eastern end of the Birket el Qurun lake flint implements, many 

 of very fine workmanship, were of frequent occurrence. The 

 accompanying Plates illustrate the common and most perfect types 

 (reduced to about one-third). 



