90 Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 



lateral growth, become bands. Finally, in the fourth stage the 

 interspaces become filled up. The upper beds are usually the most 

 nearly solid. In the coral loid class the nodes and bands are smaller 

 and more numerous than in the honeycomb class. In both classes 

 tubes are frequently formed. The rods have generally grown 

 downwards, but upward and lateral growth is common. A section 

 of Fulwell Quarry is given. 



11. — December 17th, 1902. — Professor Charles Lapworth, LL.D., 

 F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The following communications 

 were read : — 



1. "Note on the Magnetite Mines near Cogne (Graian Alps)." 

 By Professor T. G. Bonney, D.Sc, LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S. 



These mines have been worked probably since Eoman times, but 

 are now almost deserted. They are situated in the Val de Cogne, 

 one of the larger tributaries of the Val d'Aosta from the Graian 

 Alps. The author, in company with the Eev. E. Hill, last Summer 

 examined two localities where the ore has been worked. At one, 

 the Filon Licone, the mass of magnetite is probably about 80 or 9CK 

 feet thick and some five times as long. At the other place, the 

 Filon Larsine, the mass apparently is not nearly so thick. The ore 

 is a pure magnetite, jointed like a serpentine, a thin steatitic film 

 being often present on the faces. At both localities the magnetite 

 is found to pass rapidly into an ordinary serpentine, the transitional 

 rock being a serpentinized variety of the cumberlandite described 

 by Professor Wadsworth in his " Lithological Studies." The ser- 

 pentine is intei'calated, like a sill, between two thick masses of 

 calc-mica-schists, with which green schists (actinolitic) are as usual 

 associated, no doubt intrusively. All these represent types common 

 in the Alps. The author discusses the relations of the magnetite 

 and serpentine, which, in his opinion, cannot be explained either 

 by mineral change or by differentiation in situ, but indicate that 

 a magnetitic must have been separated from a peridotic magma at 

 some considerable depth below the surface, and the former, when 

 nearly or quite solid, must have been brought up, fragment-like, 

 by the latter ; as in the case of metallic iron and basalt at Ovifak 

 (Greenland). 



2. " The Elk {Alces machlis, Gray) in the Thames Valley." By 

 Edwin Tulley Newton, Esq., F.E.S., F.G.S. 



During the construction of the Staines Eeservoirs some mammalian 

 remains were obtained from the alluvium of the Wraysbury Eiver,- 

 near the Thames at Youveney. At the request of Mr. T. I. Pocock, 

 of the Geological Survey, who is working in the district, the 

 engineers, Messrs. "Walter Hunter and E. E. Middleton, courteously 

 submitted their specimens to the author, who recognized among 

 them the skull and antlers, with other parts of the skeleton, of 

 a true elk {Alces machlis). These are described; allusion is made- 

 to the earlier records of this animal in Britain ; and its distribution 

 in time in this country', on the continent of Europe, and in North 



