Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists^ Society. 429* 



is that of Miolania, an extinct genus of land Tortoise, the head of 

 which is ornamented with peculiar bony plates, and the tail is 

 encased in a bony sheath, resembling the tail of Glyptodon. The 

 first example of Miolania was found in Queensland, Australia ; 

 the second on Lord Howe Island, 300 miles to the eastward of the 

 Great Barrier Eeef. The third example was lately obtained by 

 Dr. Moreno in Argentina, South America! yet they can only be 

 differentiated specifically, notwithstanding their enormously wide 

 geographical separation from one another. 



Amongst the Amphibia the CystognatMdcs occur in Australia, 

 Tasmania, and South America. Of fresh-water fishes we have 

 the Southern ' Salmon ' Haplocliitonidce, and the Southern Pikes 

 GalaxiidiB, common to New Zealand, Chili, Patagonia, and the 

 Falkland Islands. Again, the remarkable Dipnoi and Osteoglossi are 

 peculiar to the rivers of Africa, Australia, and South America, and 

 are unknown north of the equator. Feripatus is only known from 

 the West Indies, from South America, South Africa, and Australia. 

 Among the Scorpionidce, the genus CercopTioniiis is only met with in 

 South-East Australia and in South America. Placostylus, a genus of 

 land Mollusca, is found in the Solomon Islands, in Fiji, the New 

 Hebrides, Loyaltj'' Island, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Lord 

 Howe Island, and in New Zealand. 



A summary of the flora characteristic of the Southern Hemisphere 

 fully confirms the conclusions derived from a study of the fauna, 

 and establishes beyond a doubt the former existence of extensive 

 land connections between the Southern continents and islands in 

 Tertiary times which have since disappeared beneath the ocean. 



PLANTiE. Southern Hemispheee {NotogcBo). — Saxifrages. Of 

 the ' Saxifrages ' the genus Donnatia occurs in New Zealand, 

 Tasmania, Chili, and Tierra del Fuego. Escallonice, 17 genera met 

 with in New Caledonia, Australia, and Tasmania. Cunoni(s, 18 

 genera common to New Zealand, Mascarene Islands, South Africa, 

 and South America. Only two out of thirty-five genera cross the 

 equator into the Northern Hemisphere. 



Proteaces. The Banhsias have 49 genera and 950 species. 

 Only 25 cross the equator. The others belong to Madagascar, 

 Tasmania, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. Some occur fossil in 

 Miocene and Cretaceous Plant-beds in Europe. 



MoNOMiAOEs (related to the Laurels), 22 genera and 150 species, 

 have the same distribution as above. One genus, Laiirelia, is 

 common to Chili and New Zealand. 



Perseaoes, the genus Cryptocarya, is common to New Zealand, 

 South Africa, and South America. 



Conifers, Callitris, is common to Africa, Madagascar, Australia ; 

 Fitzroya is common to Chili and Tasmania. 



PoDOCARPES, 3 genera ; distributed 1 in Tasmania, 1 in Chili and 

 South America, and 1 South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. 



Todea barbara occurs at the Cape of Good Hope and in Australia. 



Lomaria Alpina occurs at the Cape, in Australia, and South 

 America. Fuchsia and Passiflora are common to New Zealand and 



