A. S. Kennard ^- S. H. Warren — Section in Tooley 8t. 459> 



List of Fossils from the Eivee Mud (Bed d). 



VERTEBRATA. 



Sheep or Goat. Bos longifrons, Owen (Ox).. 



Equus eaballus, Liun. (Horse). Sus scrofa, Linn. (Pig). 



MOLLUSCA. 



Bithynia tentaculata (Linn.). Planorbis vortex (Liun.). 



Valvata piscinalis (MiilL). Sphcerium corneum (Linn.). 

 Limncea pereger (MiilL). 



,, truncatula (MiilL). Ostrea edulis, Linn. 



,, stagnalis (Liun.). Mytilus edulis, Linn. 



Planorbis Stroemii, West. Gardimn edule, Linn. 



,, contortus (Linn.). 



Notes on the Fossils. 



Bed a (pre-Eoman). The slug remains were very abundaut^ 

 especially the granules representing the internal shell of the 

 Arionidge. The examples of Helix nemoralis were large, several 

 measuring 24 mm. in diameter. The Bank Vole was represented 

 by a single typical tooth. The land mollusca were greatly in excess 

 of the fresh-water forms, not only in the s^Decies, but still more so 

 numerically. The whole assemblage is that of the fauna of a damp 

 land surface, subject to periodical flooding, the aquatic forms being 

 then washed on to it. 



Bed b (Roman). In this layer the land shells were comparatively 

 scarce, except in one or two places. The most noteworthy form is 

 undoubtedly Pyramidula rupestris, which has hitherto been undetected 

 in a fossil state. It is only represented by one example, but its 

 distribution in these Islands is such that its occurrence in the 

 Pleistocene is to be expected. 



Another interesting form is Sphcerium laciistre, which is an extremely 

 rare form in a fossil state, being only known in these Islands from 

 the Pleistocene of Barnwell and the Holocene (Roman) of London 

 Wall. The facies of the mollusca is that of a typical Thames 

 Holocene bed. There is no trace of any tidal influence, the marine 

 shells without doubt owing their presence to the hand of man. 



Note on the Plants from Bed b. By Mr. Clement Reid, F.R.S. 



The list suggests a moist ditch into which a certain amount of 

 house-refuse had been thrown. Most of the species are common 

 plants of wet meadows, but amongst them are remains of several 

 cultivated plants. The vine, damson, apple, and fig occur, and the 

 flax and fennel also were probably cultivated. The corn marigold 

 and hemp-nettle suggest weeds of cultivation, though in this small 

 collection they are not associated with remains of cereals. 



There is a close resemblance between this list and that from 

 Roman Silchester, where also seeds of the vine and fig occur.- 

 A larger collection from Tooley Street will be of great interest, for 

 the planis should throw much light on the condition of Roman 

 London. Two of the species have not been before obtained from 

 deposits of so ancient a date ; they are the bladder campion and 

 the fennel. 



